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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2023 Vol.41 Issue.12
Published 2023-12-25
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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1- [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 29521KB] ( 248 )
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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 2- [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1006KB] ( 148 )
1189 High efficiency design of low specific speed centrifugal pump based on orthogonal tests
LYU Zhongbin,LIU Jieqiong,CAO Puyu*,YOU Baojian
In order to study the influence of impeller structural parameters on improving the working efficiency of low specific speed centrifugal pump with ns between 40 and 60 under the working condition range of 0.75Qd-1.20Qd, a single-stage single-suction vertical centrifugal pump was taken as the research object. The orthogonal test scheme L9(43)was established by selecting impeller outlet width b2, blade number Z, blade outlet placement angle β2 and blade envelope angle φ as test factors. Numerical calculations of each scheme model were carried out in the working condition range of 0.75Qd-1.20Qd, the influence sequence of each factor on hydraulic performance was analyzed and summarized, after which the optimal parameter combination of the pump impeller structure was obtained. Finally, the impeller was modified according to the optimal size, and the test results of the hydraulic characteristics of the optimized pump were compared with that of the original pump. The results show that under the high-efficiency design condition, the structural parameters of the low specific speed centrifugal pump impeller that affects the efficiency is in the descending order of b2,β2,φ and Z. The main factor affec-ting hydraulic performance is b2. The optimal horizontal combination of impeller structural parameters in high-efficiency design is determined. After optimization, the overall pump efficiency is improved by nearly 2.85% compared with the original pump, and the high-efficiency zone is widened to the opera-ting range of 0.75Qd-1.20Qd. The correction coefficients k′b2,k′Z and k′φ are obtained in order to guide the efficient design of low specific speed centrifugal pumps.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1189-1195 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3412KB] ( 257 )
1196 Effect of particle diameter on wear characteristics of impeller and space guide vane of mixed-flow pump
LIU Xin,LI Yibin*,MA Wensheng,YANG Youchao,CHANG Jieyuan
In order to explore the effect of particle diameter on the wear characteristics of the impeller and space guide vanes of the mixed-flow pump, based on the particle orbit model, the RNG k-ε turbulent model and the Tabakoff wear model were used to carry out numerical calculation of the solid-liquid two-phase flow wear of the mixed-flow pump. The particle trajectories, particle shear stress on the surface, wear cloud diagram and average wear rate distribution in the impeller and space guide vane regions under different particle diameters were comparatively compared. The results show that the blade inlet, the connection between the blade and the hub cover, the connection between the guide vane and the outer wall, the head of the working face, and the outlet area of the back face are the most prone locations to wear. As the particle diameter increases, the running trajectories of particles in the impeller and space guide vane become more compact, and the particle trajectory in the impeller area gradually approaches the working surface of the blade from the backside of the blade. The particles in the space guide vane area mainly run along the back surface in the rear section of the guide vane, and mainly along the backside of the guide vane in the back part of the guide vane. At the same time, the larger the diameter of the particles, the greater the shear stress on the wall surface, the larger the wear area of the blades and guide vanes, the higher the average wear rate, and the blades and guide vanes have the largest increase, indicating that the blades and guide vanes are the most vulnerable parts to wear damage. By comparison the average wear rates caused by the three kinds of particles, it is found that the average wear rate caused by particles with a diameter of 3 mm is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than that of particles with a diameter of 0.1 mm.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1196-1202 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5424KB] ( 194 )
1203 Study on nonlinear dynamics of an elastic rotor oil-gas mixed transport pump
LIAN Jiadi,WU Xinyi,LI Yibin,XU Jing*,XU Shengjun,ZHU Zefei
In order to study the effect of nonlinear deformation of the rubber on the outer surface of an elastic rotor pump, a nonlinear unidirectional fluid-solid coupling method was used to establish a finite element model of rotor meshing contact. The unsteady calculation results of internal flow pressure load were applied to the rotor surface, and the effects of the arc rotor profile as well as the wide-head scra-ping rotor profile on the efficiency and starting torque of the rotor pump under different rubber wall thicknesses and outlet pressures were studied. The results show that regardless of the type of profile used, the pressure difference has a greater impact on the shear stress and deformation of the rubber, while the rotation angle has a smaller impact on the peak shear stress. The larger values of shear stress mainly occur in the arc area near the high-pressure area side which is close to the contact point between the rotor and the bushing, and between the rotor and the rotor. The wall thickness is positively correlated with the maximum shear stress and rubber deformation. The designed screw rotor and the obtained data can be used for the design and optimization of elastic rotor oil-gas mixed transport pumps, extending the service life of the elastic rotor oil-gas mixed transport pumps in deep-sea environments, which ultimately leads to huge savings in maintenance costs.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1203-1211 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2888KB] ( 161 )
1212 Numerical study on effect of cutting volute profile on performance and flow field of small centrifugal pump
WANG Yujie,LIANG Zhong,WANG Jun*,TAN Xun,ZHANG Chenshi,
The use of small circulating pump can make gas water heater realize zero waiting for hot water. In view of the special operating environment of this type of pumps, a volute profile cutting design method was proposed. Taking a centrifugal pump for gas water heater as the research object, the value of volute cutting θs was changed, and the numerical simulation method was adopted to investigate the impact of different circumferential cutting positions on hydraulic performance and flow field of the pump. The results show that the cutting volute profile makes flow cross-sectional area of the volute to firstly decrease and then increase in the corresponding circumferential range; thus a low pressure area is formed on the cutting surface of the volute. However, when θs=150°, the low-pressure area happens to be at the outlet end of the blade, and more fluid medium flows into the volute through the suction side of the blade. The side pressure difference increases and strengthens, so that the head of the centrifugal pump increases by about 2.7% at the Q=7 L/min working condition point on the basis of maintaining the large flow condition. However, cutting volute destroys the curvature continuity of the volute profile, which results in flow deterioration and low efficiency in various operating conditions.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1212-1218 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 14135KB] ( 201 )
1219 Simulation and dynamics analysis for conjugated hydropower units
GUO Junxin,YANG Aijun,ZHOU Yuyang,*,JIN Feng,LI Zhen
In response to the lack of bifurcation description in the hydraulic coupling mathematical model of a common hydraulic unit generator unit, a differential expression for the pressure at the bifurcation point of the common pipe was introduced, which was combined with the hydraulic system and governor model to form a new mathematical model for the hydraulic generator group. Simulation was conducted under the conditions of conjugate and anti yoke regulation of the group, based on the dynamic changes of bifurcation pressure, the hydraulic interference characteristics and complex adjustment matching problems of the common hydraulic unit cluster were explored to flexibly adopt the intra group coordination method when participating in the coordinated control of the machine network of the common hydraulic unit cluster, and meet the fast adjustment requirements of AGC and primary frequency regulation. Simulation experiments have confirmed the beneficial effects of anti yoke regulation, and the configuration implementation method based on general DCS provides practical conditions for its engineering online application.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1219-1224 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1594KB] ( 177 )
1225 Most unfavorable interval time point of successive load shedding conditions
CHU Shanpeng,ZHANG Jian,HE Wei*
Based on the hydrodynamic and turbine momentum equation of water delivery system in pumped storage power stations with layout of two turbines sharing one main tunnel, the analytical formula for minimum pressure at draft tube inlet of the first rejection turbine was derived. Based on the formula, the most unfavorable interval time of minimum pressure at draft tube inlet in successive load shedding was analyzed and speculated. At the same time, based on the theory of transient flow theory and method of characteristics, numerical simulation calculation of transition process in the engineering example was carried out, which verified the correctness of the analysis and speculation. The results show that the track point of minimum pressure at draft tube inlet is very close to and above the low bending point of inverse S-curve whether in simultaneous or successive load shedding. When minimum pressure at draft tube inlet is in the first rejection turbine, the most unfavorable interval time for it in successive load shedding is in first Zone Ⅱ of the first rejection turbine′s running track. This conclusion provides a reference for the calculation of the minimum inlet pressure of the draft tube of the pumped storage power station unit and the selection of control conditions.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1225-1231 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2009KB] ( 156 )
1232 Study on water hammer protection of pump system with high head and long climb
LIANG Xing*,LI Yan,LIU Meiqing,WANG Yunlong,CUI Shijie
In view of the water hammer protection problem of accidental pump showdown in ″high head and long climb″ water delivery systems, by taking a water supply project as an example, the transition process characteristics of different water hammer protection measures such as one-way surge tank, air tank and air valve were analyzed based on the characteristic line algorithm, and the water hammer protection characteristics of air tank were focused on. The results show that the arrangement of air tank after the pump can effectively raise the minimum water hammer pressure in the climbing section, and as the volume of the air tank increases, the overall water hammer protection effect improves greatly, although the reverse rotation speed of the pump increases slightly. The one-way pressure regulating tank has a strong protective effect on pipelines when elevation is lower than the water level in the tank after the installation point, but has almost no protective effect on the climbing pipelines before the installation point. The combined water hammer protection measures based on air tanks, one-way surge tank and air valves are adopted, for which the maximum water hammer pressure under optimal solution is 348.98 m and the minimum water hammer pressure is -2.87 m, which meets the water hammer protection requirements. For pump systems with ″high head and long climb″, a combined water hammer protection using air tanks is a safe and economic protection scheme.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1232-1236 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2344KB] ( 211 )
1237 Research progress on icing mechanism and anti-icing technology of wind turbine blades
ZHAO Bin,LIAO Jing,REN Yanjie*,DU Xiaoze
Extensive researches on anti-icing and de-icing technologies have been greatly developed in order to solve the aerodynamic performance deterioration, power generation loss and blade fracture, as well as other technical problems caused by wind turbine blade icing. The icing mechanism, types and influencing factors of wind turbine blades were summaried; for which the methods and techniques of wind turbine blade icing fault diagnosis were analyzed based on operating parameters and historical monitoring data. It also summarizes domestic and foreign wind turbine icing failure prediction technologies in recent years as well as existing problems and research hot spots in this field from three aspects: blade aerodynamic characteristics, mathematical model methods and intelligent data mining. The anti-icing and de-icing methods and technologies of wind turbine blades and their respective advantages and disadvantages were focused on, the existing anti-icing and de-icing methods and application status and existing problems and development trends were discussed. The key issues that may be involved in the development and utilization of diagnosis and prediction technology, efficient anti-icing technology, etc. are summarized, with a view to providing reference and guidance for the development of anti-icing technology for wind farms in cold and humid areas.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1237-1245 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2109KB] ( 202 )
1246 Comparative study on hydraulic performance of sink-type and embedded dishwashers
PENG Jiayi,HUANG Ping*,LI Yalin,SUN Haichao,XU Hui,ZHEN Feng
In order to compare the internal flow performance of hydraulic components and the influence of dishwasher type on head and hydraulic efficiency, the internal flow field of pump, spray arm and other components in two kinds of dishwashers were compared and analyzed based on the SST k-ω turbulence model with high precision. The results show that the innovation of the sink-type dishwasher combines the two-in-one structure of the volute and the spray arm to effectively eliminate the pipeline system. The sink dishwasher avoids the accumulation of filth in the pipeline, improves the dishwasher head, as well as increases the hydraulic efficiency by 2% than that of the embedded dishwasher. However, its innovative structure results in unfavorable flow phenomena such as the tip leakage vortex and axial vortex in the composite impeller of the pump. Therefore, its hydraulic model needs further optimization. Embedded dishwashers have an obvious phenomenon of ″big horse pulling a small cart″, and the flow passage components such as water pumps and additional flow channels need to be improved. The comparison of the hydraulic performance of the water pump in two dishwashers reveals the advantages and disadvantages of sink-type and embedded type dishwasher design, which provides a reference for the innovative design of new dishwashers.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1246-1254 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 47439KB] ( 167 )
1255 Influence of dynamic wind direction on evolution law of wind turbine wake
GUO Tao,LI Ye*,LI Deshun,HAN Wei,LI Rennian,
In order to study the influence of dynamic wind direction on the wake evolution of horizontal axis wind turbines, large eddy simulation(LES)coupled with the actuation line model(ALM)method based on the OpenFOAM software platform was used to analyze the impact of dynamic wind direction amplitude changes on wake velocity characteristics, turbulence characteristics and meandering characteristics. The research results show that with the change of dynamic angle amplitude, the diffe-rence in the wake velocity mainly reflects after 4D(where D is the diameter of the wind wheel), and as the angle amplitude increases, the recovery of the average wake velocity becomes more and more quick. Under dynamic wind direction conditions, the blade tip vortex oscillates, and as the dynamic wind direction angle amplitude increases, the oscillation amplitude becomes larger and larger. As the angle amplitude increases, the dynamic change of the wind direction angle intensifies the meandering of the wake which increases the maximum offset of the wake center, the growth conforms to the law of a quadratic power function, and the growth rate of the far wake is much greater than that of the near wake. When the dynamic angle change amplitude reaches 15°, the wake center offset at 10D reaches 48.62%. The increase in the amplitude of dynamic wind direction angle changes will change the wake boundary, resulting in the expansion of the wake's influence range.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1255-1260 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 45354KB] ( 157 )
1261 SPAD variability of summer maize with different controlled- release fertilizers based on UAV remote sensing
MA Hongyu,LI Xianyue*,SUN Yanan,HU Qi,XIN Maoxin,CHI Ligang,ZHANG Jun
A multispectral remote sensing model of SPAD was constructed based on the effects of different controlled-release fertilizer dosages on SPAD, for which 15 spectral variables were selected to reveal the response characteristics of canopy SPAD distribution to nitrogen fertilizer type and controlled-release fertilizer dosage during the nodulation, tasseling and filling stages of summer maize. The results show that the controlled-release fertilizer is released slowly, and there are significant differences in SPAD of summer maize among treatments at late reproductive stage. In addition, when the controlled-release fertilizer exceeds a certain threshold(225 kg/hm2), SPAD does not increase significantly after additional controlled-release fertilizer application, which indicates that excessive nitrogen fertilizer does not sustainably increase chlorophyll content. The constructed UAV multispectral remote sensing model for SPAD of summer maize has a mean R2 of 0.61, a mean RMSE of 4.60 and a mean nRMSE of 7.60% at three fertility stages of modeling, and the maximum SPAD is finally obtained at 225 kg/hm2 of controlled-release fertilizer application of nitrogen by model estimation. Therefore, the use of UAV remote sensing technology can achieve accurate monitoring of SPAD.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1261-1267 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5944KB] ( 189 )
1268 Effects of magnetized water drip irrigation under degradable film mulching on yield and water use efficiency of processed tomatoes
ZHOU Zhenpeng,YE Hanchun,*,WANG Zhenhua,SONG Libing,
In order to explore the impact of magnetized water drip irrigation on tomato yield and water use efficiency under degradable film covering, two types of field experimental irrigation systems were set up as follows: magnetized water drip irrigation(T)and conventional water drip irrigation(N).There are three types of mulching films which are as follows: ordinary mulching film(M1), black oxidized double biodegradable film(M2)and white oxidized double biodegradable film(M3). The results show that compared with ordinary mulching films, the yields of black degradable film and white degradable film are averagely reduced by 1.14% and 3.56%, and the WUE is reduced by 1.16% and 3.52%, respectively. The water retention and heat preservation properties of the three types of mulching films appear as M1>M2>M3. Compared with conventional water drip irrigation, magnetized water drip irrigation can significantly increase the soil moisture content of the 0-40 cm and 0-60 cm soil layers. The LAI and above-ground dry matter mass of the magnetized water treatment are significantly increased compared with the non-magnetized treatment, and possesses a significant impact positive promoting effect on various photosynthetic processes indicators. Compared with the conventional water drip irrigation treatment, the yield of magnetized water drip irrigation treatment increases by 31.61%, and the WUE increases by 36.70%. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of each indicator based on TOPSIS analysis, it is believed that covering with black degradation film and drip irrigation with magnetized water of appropriate magnetization intensity(3×106 A/m)can replace the drip irrigation processing tomato planting model under ordinary film covering. The research can provide scientific basis for alleviating residual film pollution in northern Xinjiang, as well as improve tomato yield and water use efficiency in drip irrigation processing.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1268-1275 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1470KB] ( 234 )
1276 Temperature and humidity dual compensation method for in-situ detection of pH of cultivation substrates
XU Kun,*,XIAO Kai,YUAN Guijie,XU Yunfeng,ZHANG Xiliang
Aiming at the problem of large measurement errors caused by the influence of substrate temperature and humidity during the in-situ detection of pH of cultivation substrates, a temperature and humidity double compensation method for in-situ detection of pH of cultivation substrates was proposed. Typical cultivation substrates(peat, vermiculite)was taken as the target material, a self-made all-solid-state pH sensor was selected. Firstly, the temperature compensation mathematical model was established with solution measurement. Subsequently, the effects of humidity changes on the pH values of various types of soil cultivation substrates were experimentally studied, the influence and regularity of the changes in the in-situ measurement results, and a double compensation mathematical model for in-situ pH measurement, temperature, as well as humidity control in various types of cultivated substrates were established. Finally, the experimental method of in-situ pH measurement of cultivated plant substrates was used to study, evaluate and analyze the results of the established double compensation mathematical models. Analysis of the experimental research results shows that for soil peat matrix and soil vermiculite matrix, after processing by temperature and humidity double compensation algorithm, the absolute error range of pH in-situ detection is reduced from -1.79~0.72 to 0.16~0.27 pH unit, and the relative error range decreases from -32.84%~11.45% to 2.66%~4.95%. The overall mea-surement error level is close to accuracy requirement of the national standard for soil pH measurement(NY/T 1377—2007).

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1276-1282 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1292KB] ( 188 )
1283 Effect of radial offset bucket blades of nozzle jet on stability of Pelton turbines
QING Qiwei,DENG Fangxiong,LI Wenbin,DENG Huiming,YU Zhishun,LU Jiaxing,LIU Xiaobing*
Aiming at the problem that the nozzle jet centerline is often offset from the runner bucket blade pitch circle during the actual installation and maintenance of the Pelton hydraulic turbine, VOF multiphase flow model and SST k-ω turbulence model were used to numerically simulate and analyze the pressure pulsation and runner force inside the bucket blade of the Pelton hydraulic turbine of Guodian Dadu River Jiniu Hydropower Station, after which the hydraulic turbine oscillation, stress on the runners and efficiency were measured before and after the jet offset, and the effect of the radial offset of the nozzle jet centerline from the bucket pitch circle on the stability of the Pelton turbine was analyzed. During data simulation, the turbine was set to operate under three conditions as follows: nozzle jet centerline offset toward the outer edge of the runner bucket blade, offset toward the runner center, and no offset condition. The results show that the radial offset of the jet causes a significant increase in the axial force and pressure pulsation of the turbine, while the radial force and efficiency are reduced, and the pressure pulsation of the offset to the outer edge of the bucket blade is greater than that of the offset to the center of the runner, and even greater than that of the non-offset condition. According to the numerical simulation results, the maximum axial force reaches 2.27 times of the non-offset condition, the measured axial vibration is 3.40 times higher and the radial oscillation is 1.30 times higher than that of the non-offset condition after shifting to the outer edge of the bucket blade.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1283-1289 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 16632KB] ( 166 )
1290 Improvement of friction performance of cylinder liner surface with composite lubrication texture under fluid lubrication condition
FAN Yujie,HAO Mengjie,CHEN Yuzhe,XIA Jing,LI Bin
In order to improve the surface friction performance of the cylinder liner, the YTRC2110D diesel engine was used as the research object, and a composite lubrication structure was designed in the fluid lubrication area of the cylinder liner. Based on friction tests, the friction performance and wear mechanism of the composite lubrication structure responsible for improving the surface of the cy-linder liner under lubrication conditions were discussed, and the composite lubrication structure with the best performance was found. The results show that under fluid lubrication conditions, the composite lubrication structure possesses better friction reduction performance than that of a single micro-texture. Compared with smooth surfaces, the average friction coefficient of a single micro-textured surface decreases by 32.86%, the wear quality only decreases by up to 9.6%, the maximum decrease in surface roughness Sa is only 16.57%, and the fractal dimension D increases by only 4.67%. The surface wear area is mainly shallow plowed, accompanied by a small amount of deep plowing. The average friction coefficient of the surface of the composite lubricating structure decreases by 42.2%, the wear quality is reduced by up to 17.6%, the maximum wear surface roughness Sa decreases by 26.86%, and the fractal dimension D increases by 8.77%. The contact surface of the composite lubrication structure is affected by the dynamic pressure oil film and the molybdenum disulfide transfer film, and only a small amount of shallow plowing is produced on the worn surface. This provides a theoretical basis for improving the friction performance of the cylinder liner surface.

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2023 Vol. 41 (12): 1290-1296 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 51509KB] ( 179 )
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