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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2020 Vol.38 Issue.12
Published 2020-12-25
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2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1- [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 17807KB] ( 728 )
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2020 Vol. 38 (12): 2- [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1151KB] ( 591 )
1189 Analysis of gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics of mining multistage emergency drainage pump
CAO Weidong,XU Yumin*,ZHANG Hua,WANG Xichen
In order to study the influence of gas-liquid two-phase flow on the performance of mining multistage emergency drainage pumps, a four-stage mining submersible centrifugal pump was taken as the research object, and the steady air and water turbulent flow fields in the four-stage pump with different air volume fractions and bubble diameters were numerically simulated with ANSYS CFX numerical simulation method based on the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model. The pump performance curves and rotor axial force were obtained, and the head, efficiency and axial force, as well as the air distribution features in this pump were analyzed and compared. The results show that under the condition of gas-liquid two-phase flow, the diameter of bubble particles and the air volume fraction have significant influence on the performance of the pump and the axial force of the rotor. In the case of large flow and high air volume fraction at the inlet, the head and efficiency of the mining multistage emergency drainage pump will drop sharply, and the direction of the residual axial force of the rotor is opposite to that of the residual axial force of the rotor under the normal operation condition. For internal flow field, there is local reflux at the impeller outlet when the pump runs under the condition of gas-liquid two-phase flow, and the reflux flows from the suction sides to the pressure sides in the impeller.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1189-1195 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7187KB] ( 856 )
1196 Feature extraction of cavitation acoustic emission signal of centrifugal pump based on improved variational mode decomposition
LIU Zhong*,ZHANG Xuyang,ZOU Shuyun,LI Zhipeng
Aiming at the problem that the decomposition layer and penalty factor in the variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm are difficult to be determined, an improved VMD(IVMD)algorithm was proposed and applied to extract the feature of cavitation acoustic emission(AE)signal of centrifugal pump. In the application of IVMD algorithm, first, the envelope entropy diffe-rence coefficient was used to determine the number of decomposition layers, and then the artificial bee colony algorithm was used to optimize the penalty factor which was employed as the optimum input parameter of VMD. The simulated signal was processed via IVMD algorithm, and the results were compared with those by ensemble empirical mode decomposition. AE signals collected from the inlet of centrifugal pump under 60% of its rating flow were chosen and processed via the IVMD algorithm. The frequency domain features of those signal components carrying a great deal of information in the original signals were analyzed, and so was the variation of their absolute energy with changing cavitation stages. The results show that the number of decomposition layers and the penalty factor could be determined optimally via the IVMD algorithm, which helps to decompose the unstable signals adaptively. The cha-racteristic frequency ranges of AE signal focus on 50, 100 kHz and their respective vicinities. With cavitation changing from scratch and from weak to strong, the absolute energies of AE signal components in the above frequency ranges remain at a certain level first, then decrease, and finally increase.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1196-1202 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2872KB] ( 752 )
1203 Optimization design of mixed-flow pump with high head based on orthogonal test
LI Yanjun,WU Tiancheng,WANG Wenjie*,PEI Ji
The orthogonal design software SPSS was used to design the orthogonal test scheme of four factors and four values including inlet angle, outlet angle, wrap angle, outer diameter of impeller, etc. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the 16 designed impellers were carried out with CFD software ANSYS CFX. Range analysis was used to analyze the influence of various factors on the head and efficiency. Then an optimal scheme was put forward. The feasibility of the preferred scheme was verified by comparing and analyzing the internal flow of the original model and the optimized model. The results show that the outlet angle has the greatest influence on the head, and the blade wrap angle has the greatest influence on the efficiency. At the designed flow rate, the head and efficiency of the optimum program to both head and efficiency were improved. The flow pattern in the pump section was better and the pressure distribution was uniform, which is up to the optimal goal. Therefore, the optimization of the high-head mixed-flow pump based on the orthogonal test is feasible. The parameters of the preferred scheme can effectively reduce the hydraulic loss of the high-head mixed-flow pump and improve its hydraulic performance and internal flow.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1203-1208 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2742KB] ( 600 )
1209 Analysis of upper-end seal leakage of high-temperature molten salt pump based on VOF model
JIN Yongxin,ZHANG Desheng*,WANG Zichao,ZHANG Naishu,SHI Weidong,WANG Daohong
In order to study the operation performance of the upper-end seal of molten salt pump(MSP), SST k-ω turbulence model and VOF model were used to simulate the performance of the upper-end seal. The leakage, loss of heads and the morphology of gas-liquid interface under different heads and medium conditions were analyzed. The influence of head and medium condition on the upper-end seal performance was discussed, and the correlation between key variables and upper-end sealing performance was summarized. The results show that the increase of pump head leads to an increase of leakage. The viscosity has a significant influence on the leakage if the head is too high. Under the same head condition, there is tiny difference in the lose of head at the clearance of the seal under four different mediums. The increase of pump head leads to an increase of head loss at the clearance of the seal. Under three conditions of pump head, the head loss at the clearance of the seal is a bit smaller than that of the pump. In the overflow chamber, high-speed shaft rotation makes the liquid form an irregular gas-liquid interface and cavity. The highest position of the gas-liquid interface is elevated with the increase of pump head, and the liquid in the discharge becomes fuller. The upper-end seal is tested under different heads and flow rates of pump with the medium of branch water; the operating state of the molten salt pump remains stable under the highest pressure condition and no serious leakage occurs.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1209-1214 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4366KB] ( 644 )
1215 Particle movement and blade erosion of diagonal flow pump for deep-sea mining
CHEN Wenhao,ZHANG Shishuai*,GAO Rui,ZHENG Jun,CHEN Junjun
The k-ε turbulence model and Particle Transport Solid particle model were used to simulate the solid-liquid two-phase flow of a diagonal flow pump for deep-sea mining. The particle movement and blade erosion under different particle concentration(2%-12%)and particle diameter(1-30 mm)were compared and analyzed. The analysis shows that with the increase of particle concentration, the agglomeration of particles in the impeller inlet and the guide vane domain increases. The erosion areas of impellers and guide vanes gradually increase. Among them, the main erosion area of impellers is leading edge, the erosion area of the guide vanes is turning area and trailing edge. Both of them show the trend from top to bottom. The erosion area of guide vanes is larger than that of impellers. With the increase of particle diameter, the agglomeration of particles in the impeller outlet domain and guide vane runner decreases. The erosion trend and area are the same as different concentration. However, the main erosion area of impellers is pressure surface. At the trailing edge of the guide vane its erosion decreases. The results can provide theory evidence for optimum design of diagonal flow pump for deep-sea mining.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1215-1220 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3375KB] ( 593 )
1221 Design of biomimetic heart pump based on thermo-actuated liquid crystal elastomer
YANG Jianan,CHEN Si,*,WANG Fangqun,JING Teng,QIAO Xiaoqi
In order to design a ventricular pump with better bionic heart function,the myocardium is replaced by thermo-deformable elastomer which is of flexibility and thermostriction. And a bionic heart ventricle pump is designed, according to the spiral ventricular myocardial band theory, the left ventricular segment of the myocardial band and the Hilbert plane filling curve are used. The experiment is designed to measure the ejection fraction and heart rate of the ventricular pump, and the results show that the stroke volume of the ventricular pump is higher than the natural heart, and its heart rate is much lower than the natural heart. Compared with the mechanical pump, the structure of the ventricular pump designed is more similar to the real heart, with stronger contraction ability, higher ejection fraction, and better biocompatibility. The disadvantage is that the thermally actuated liquid crystal elastomer responses to the deformation slowly and has not yet reached the normal heart rate. The possibility of constructing a bistable structure to improve the efficiency of the biomimetic ventricular pump is discussed. For other myocardial band segments with more complicated myocardial fiber orientation, the possibility of biaxial stretching mecha-nical engraving is discussed. This research can provide new ideas for the research and development of volumetric heart pumps, and also play a role in adjuvant therapy for heart diseases such as right heart failure.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1221-1225 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3549KB] ( 906 )
1226 Analysis of unsteady characteristics of pump turbine with splitter blades at small guide vane opening degree
ZHANG Jinfeng,ZHANG Min,QU Yefei,FANG Yujian
In order to study the internal flow characteristics and stress characteristics of pump turbines with diverging blades in different operating conditions under the small opening, with the hydraulic model of a pumped-storage power station with shunt blade pump turbine was taken as the analysis object. CFD numerical simulation method was used, the SST k-ω calculation model was adopted. The internal flow characteristics of the turbine, brake and reverse pump at 7.5° opening were numerically simulated, The pressure pulsation characteristics and axial force distribution of typical monitoring points inside the unit under different working conditions were analyzed. The results indicate that the internal flow characteristics of a pump turbine with shunt blades can be well simulated and analyzed by CFD numerical calculation. Under braking and reverse pump conditions, there is obvious unstable flow in the runner flow passage. Secondary flow and eddy structure fill the runner and cause flow congestion. The distributor blade can make the runner′s outlet speed more uniform; after the unit′s load rejection operation enters the braking condition, the axial force on the runner obviously increases, accompanied by negative value, and the fluctuation range is larger; the existence of the distributor blade can prevent the negative pressure in the runner area and help to reduce the strength of the vortex structure.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1226-1232 [Abstract] ( 62 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2554KB] ( 616 )
1233 Discussion on over-standard treatment technology of stator vibration of super large hydrogenerator
YANG Fei,XU Jingjun*
The stator of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station was taken as the research object. Aiming at the problem of the damage of generating components caused by long-term high-intensity vibration of large-scale hydrogenerator stator, the causes of unit vibration were analyzed from the aspects of stator stiffness, rotor out of roundness, turbine tail water pressure pulsation, etc. The maximum integrated stress of the present structure of the rotor bracket has approached to the allowable stress and the maximum thickness of the gasket added to the unit is determined to be 0.2mm. In the overhaul of the unit, the interference between the yoke and the rotor bracket is increased, the rotor roundness is adjusted statically outside the pit, and the dynamic adjustment is conducted in the pit, so that the air gap between the stator and rotor is uniform during the operation of the unit. Through the manual start-up, overspeed test, dynamic balance test and boost test after overhaul, it is found that the horizontal vibration of the stator frame both under no-load condition and under load operation after overhaul is greatly reduced, and the tightness between the yoke and the rotor bracket is increased, and the yoke state is more stable. The stability of stator horizontal vibration is about 91 μm, and the reliability of the equipment is greatly improved, which ensures the safe and stable operation of the unit.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1233-1238 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4352KB] ( 721 )
1239 Experimental study on electrostatic spray deposition characteristics of large-load UAV
WANG Junfeng,BU Jiazhen*,WANG Xiaoying,LUO Botao
In order to explore the influence of various factors on the deposition characteristics of electrostatic spray under the downward washing airflow of a large-load UAV, the Box-Behnken experiment was combined with the orthogonal experiment in this paper. On the basis of qualitative analysis, the mathematical prediction model between deposition characteristic parameters and charged voltage, flight parameters is established. The results showed that the electrostatic spray deposition characteristics of large-load UAV are significantly affected by the charged voltage and flight parameters in the spraying process. The deposition density is positively correlated with the charged voltage, but negatively correlated with flight velocity and flight height. Under the same flight parameters(flight velocity 5 m/s, flight height 4 m), the deposition density of the electrostatic spray under the charged voltage 8kV is 0.318 0 μL/cm2, which is 1.17 times more than that of non-electrostatic spy. At the same time, the deposition density variation coefficient is positively correlated with flight velocity and negatively correlated with charge voltage and flight altitude. It means that the deposition uniformity is improved with the increase of the charged voltage, the decrease of flight velocity or the increase of flight height.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1239-1244 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1713KB] ( 607 )
1245 Flow characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase pipes with swirl valve under different particle properties
MA Guangfei,*,JI Jiankang,DING Peng,MAO Wei,FANG Yong
The Euler-Lagrangian method was used to carry out three-dimensional numerical simulation of the self-designed swirl valve, and the analysis was focused on the flow characteristics inside the swirl valve, the outlet flow of the pipeline and the pressure loss coefficient at different particle densities(1 900, 2 300, 2 650 kg/m3)when two kinds of small particles(10 μm)and large particles(200 μm)coexisted. The results show that the flow field inside the swirl valve will generate an eccentric swirl velocity field and a pressure field that deviate from the center of the base circle, and a local low pressure will form at the center of the eccentric pressure field. As the pressure energy decreases, the velocity of the fluid increases, resulting in swirling acceleration. The existence of the swirl valve causes vortexes of different sizes to be generated in the entire pipeline. At the exit of the swirl valve and the extension area of the swirl vortex, the content of particles is reduced. The smaller the particle size, the greater the speed at which particles are obtained from the fluid; the greater the particle density, the greater the drag coefficient, and the greater the energy loss. The higher swirl speed reduces the content of particles in the pipeline and helps the pipeline particle migration. Through experimental tests, we found that due to the existence of the swirl valve, a swirl gas column was formed in the interior; in the swirl valve and its system, the impurities contained in the swirl valve would rotate under the action of the swirl; this verifies the low pressure distribution and the swirl acceleration cha-racteristics of cyclone valve in the numerical simulation to a certain extent.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1245-1250 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 13035KB] ( 557 )
1251 Influence of setting angle of deflector on performance of water jet propeller
ZONG Ping*,PAN Zhongyong,CEN Chunhai
In order to study the influence of the setting angle of the deflector on the performance of the reversing bucket of the water jet propeller, based on the ANSYS-CFX software, the numerical calculation of the reversing bucket with different setting angles of the deflector(5°,10°,15°,20°,25°and 30° was performed). The influence of the angle of the deflector on the thrust performance of the reverse bucket and the flow field distribution in the flow channel was compared and analyzed. The influence of the angle of the bucket deflector on the performance of the water-jet propeller was obtained. The results show that the wall pressure distribution of the reversing bucket is greatly improved and the maximum outlet velocity is increased when the deflector is installed. With the increase of the deflector angle, the maximum velocity at the outlet of the reversing bucket increases first and then decreases, while the pressure difference of each section of the flow passage increases first, then decreases, and then increases again; when the setting angle is about 15°, the flow field distribution in the flow passage of the reversing bucket is better, and its thrust is larger. Therefore, the proper angle of deflector can effectively avoid the occurrence of over-high pressure area and over-low pressure area in the flow passage of reversing bucket, which leads to flow separation.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1251-1257 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2818KB] ( 642 )
1258 Prediction model of orchard water requirement based on BP neural network and genetic algorithm
LIU Hongshan,WANG Weixing,SUN Daozong,GAO Peng,CHEN Wenbin,LIN Chuting,XIE Jiaxing,*
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1258-1263 [Abstract] ( 55 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9668KB] ( 594 )
1264 Effects of different fertilization on nutrient and growth of lettuce and models simulation
GAO Hongyan,MAO Hanping,NI Jiheng,GONG Liyan *,ZHANG Xiaodong
In order to study the effects of different fertilization regimes on the growth and yield in facility lettuce, the samples were divided into 13 treatments, including severe, moderate, mild, normal and excessive applications of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. During the whole growth period, the machine vision technology was used to acquire the top view and front view images of lettuce canopy continuously, the top projected canopy area, top projected canopy perimeter and plant height were extracted from the images, which were significantly related to the growth. The relationships among nutrient content, growth and yield of lettuce canopy were studied by grey correlation analysis. The results showed that the order of effect on different nutrition with lettuce growth was nitrogen(N)> phosphorus(P)> potassium(K). The contents of P, K and the yield of lettuce under different nitrogen application conditions were analyzed. When the yield reached the maximum, the contents of N, P, K were 4.83%, 0.63% and 2.82% respectively, and there was a synergistic interaction between them. Combined with the environmental information and the “slow-fast-slow” “s” type growth law of lettuce, the relationship models of nutrient content and growth information in three growth periods were established, which provided a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the fertilization and high-yield cultivation of facility lettuce.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1264-1269 [Abstract] ( 49 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3089KB] ( 607 )
1270 Effects of deficit irrigation on cotton growth and water use in southern Xinjiang of China
LIU Xiang,ZHANG Fucang,*,XIANG Youzhen,HOU Xianghao,ZHANG Yingchun,HE Pingru,XUE Zhanqi,FAN Junliang,
Aiming at the problem of the shortage of water resources and low water use efficiency of crops in the southern Xinjiang region, in this plot experiment,the cotton was used as the test species.Three irrigation levels(W1:50%ETc,W2:65%ETc,W3:80%ETc, ETc is the crop evapotranspiration)were set in the cotton budding stage, flowering stage and bolling stage, controlled by 100% ETc irrigation during the full growth period.The effects of deficit irrigation at different growth stages on cotton growth, yield, nitrogen uptake and water use efficiency under mulched drip irrigation were studied.The results show that the deficit irrigation at the budding stage has different degrees of inhibition on cotton plant height, LAI, above-ground dry matter growth, nitrogen accumulation and cotton yield, while the compensation effect was significant after rewatering.Among them, the cotton yield was reduced by 3.48% under the slight deficit irrigation(W3), and the WUE was as high as 1.57 kg/m3, which was significantly higher than the CK treatment of 1.48 kg/m3.Deficit irrigation at the flowering stage, the growth indicators of cotton have been significantly reduced, and the compensation effect is not significant after rewatering, hindering cotton growth and development.Deficit irrigation at the bolling stage had a significant inhibitory effect on above-ground dry matter accumulation, nitrogen absorption and cotton yield,while the WUE reached 1.51 kg/m3 under the W2 and W3 levels. In comprehensive consideration of achieving the goal of saving water and increasing production while ensuring the cotton yield, the irrigation of 80% ETc can be performed during the cotton budding stage, and fully irrigated during other growth stages to control the vegetative growth and promote the reproductive growth to obtain higher water use efficiency.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1270-1276 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1496KB] ( 830 )
1277 Effects of different nitrogen managements on spring maize yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency under sprinkler fertigation
LI Jingjing,ZANG Wenjing,LI Yaojun,GU Tao,YAN Haijun*
To find out the optimal nitrogen management for spring maize under sprinkler fertigation in the semi-humid region of Northeast China, the field experiment was carried out in the northeast region in 2017, to study the effects of different sprinkler fertigation treatments on the spring maize grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency. Three treatments of the total nitrogen(N)application rates were 200 kg/hm2(N200), 160 kg/hm2(N160)and 120 kg/hm2(N120), respectively. During experiments, 60 kg/hm2 N and 10 kg/hm2 N were firstly applied in the sowing and seedling stages for all treatments, respectively. Rests of N were applied at three different N ratios: 1∶0(T1), 2∶1(T2), and 3∶1(T3)which were fertigated in the jointing stage and the filling stage, respectively. Results show that T1 obtains the highest nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFPN), nitrogen harvest index(NHI)and water use efficiency(WUE). Grain yield increases with the N application rates increasing. But there is no significant difference in grain yield between N200 and N160(P>0.05). T1N200 produces the highest yield among all treatments, with 12 489 kg/hm2. T1N160 has the highest NHI of 74.98 kg/kg. With the N application rates increasing, the PFPN decreases, but the amount of the mineral nitrogen(NO-3-N)accumulated in the 0~100 cm layer of soil after harvest increases. T1 treatment has the lo-west residual NO-3-N in the soil, which reduces the risk of nitrogen leaching out of the 0~100 cm soil layer. Based on the results, the recommended nitrogen application is 160-200 kg/hm2 in the semi-humid region of Northeast China, which contains 60 kg/hm2 N applied in the sowing stage, 10 kg/hm2 N fertigated in the seedling stage and rests of N fertigated in the jointing stage.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1277-1283 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2118KB] ( 588 )
1284 Effects of biochar on growth and yield of tomato under waterlogging
GAO Yang,SHAO Guangcheng*,CHEN Changren,XU Wen,LIU Zhengjun,HUANG Doudou
To explore the possibility of applying biochar to alleviate crop waterlogging stress in agricultural production in southern China, soil column experiments were conducted,systematically studying the effects of different biochar application rate on morphological index, physiological index, yield and WUE(water use efficiency)of tomato suffering from waterlogging. The results showed that at 5% biochar application rate, except for the main root length, root tip number, root shoot ratio and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, other morphological and physiological indexes were significantly increased, relative to the control. Biochar′s effect on tomato dry matter accumulation was more obvious, and when biochar application rate reached 3%, root dry weight and the total dry matter were greatly higher than the control, increased by 0.11 g·strain-1 and 2.37 g·strain-1, respectively. Biochar addition did not have a significant influence on tomato yield. Only when biochar was applied at the rate of 10%, the tomato yield was significantly higher than the control, while the increase in WUE reached 120%. Overall, 5% biochar application rate is more reasonable and economical, suitable for practical agricultural production.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1284-1289 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1781KB] ( 640 )
1290 Evaluation of applicability of winter wheat evapotranspiration estimation model in Northwest China
ZHANG Fujuan,CUI Ningbo,*,ZHAO Lu,CAI Huanjie,HU Xiaotao,ZHANG Nian,XIAO Lu,HU Haibo,YANG Dewen
In order to accurately estimate the evapotranspiration(ET)of Winter Wheat in Northwest China, the double crop coefficient model, single crop coefficient model and Priestley Taylor(PT)model are applied to simulate ET, and the accuracy is compared with the standard value of ET measured by large lysimETer. The results show that mETeorological factors are the main factors of ET from sowing to green(stage I)and heading to milk maturity(stage III), and crop factors are the dominant factors of ET from milk maturity to harvest(stage IV). The effects of the two factors on ET from turning green to heading(stage II)and the whole growth period are similar. The R2 of two crop coefficient model, single crop coefficient model and PT model are 0.511 8, 0.239 3 and 0.374 2 respectively in stage Ⅰ. The RMSE ranges from 0.284 6 mm/d to 0.366 3 mm/d, and the overall evaluation index GPI rankings are 1, 3 and 2. The R2 of the three models in stage II are all above 0.7, and the RMSE ranges from 0.540 9 to 0.844 0 mm/d. The dual crop coefficient model has the best si-mulation effect. The R2 of each model in stage Ⅲ is higher than 0.6, and the RMSE ranges from 0.8288 to 1.258 7 mm/d. The GPI of the dual crop coefficient model ranks first. The R2 of the three models in stage IV are 0.799 1, 0.671 6, 0.270 8, and the RMSE ranges from 0.968 1 to 1.946 2 mm/d. The simulation accuracy of the crop coefficient model is significantly higher than that of the PT model. The RMSE of each model ranges from 0.551 5 to 0.893 6 mm/d in the whole growth period, and the R2 of double crop coefficient model is 0.902 2.
2020 Vol. 38 (12): 1290-1296 [Abstract] ( 34 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6159KB] ( 686 )
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