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| Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on physiological characteristics of facility planting cowpea |
| YIN Changqing1,2, FEI Liangjun1*, LIU Lihua1, DAI Zhiguang1, LIU Le1, WANG Aike1 |
| 1. Xi′an Institute of Water Resources, Xi′an University of Technology, Xi′an, Shaanxi 710048, China; 2. Ningxia Branch, CSCEC AECOM Consultants CO. Ltd., Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China |
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Abstract In order to explore the response of facility planting cowpea to water-fertilizer coupling, the effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth, physiological, yield and quality of facility planting cowpea are studied with drip fertilization in greenhouse, so as to develop a high-yield, better quality and efficient drip fertilization system. This experiment was designed with two factors at three levels each, namely 3 irrigation levels and 3 fertilization levels, thus there are nine treatments totally. The results revealed that the effect of drip fertilization on plant height and stem diameter of cowpea was statistically significant, but also a suitable water-to-fertilizer ratio was beneficial to plant growth during the whole growth period; unfortunately, a large water-to-fertilizer ratio can cause an excessive growth, thereby affecting yield and quality formation. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed a bimodal curve with proceeding growth period. Specially, the photosynthesis was weaker because of a lower temperature in seeding stage, so increasing water and fertilizer was beneficial to the improvement of photosynthetic index. In sprouting period, the photosynthesis was strengthened, me-dium irrigation volume and high fertilizer level were the best, and there was no statistical significance between medium irrigation volume and medium fertilizer level. The photosynthetic capacity was the highest in pod bearing stage, increased firstly and then decreased with increasing irrigation and fertilizer levels, eventually kept less variation, and the demand on water and fertilizer was the maximum. The yield and water use efficiency firstly increased and then decreased with increasing irrigation level and fertilizer quota. Medium irrigation volume and fair fertilizer level could improve water use efficiency without affecting yield. Under these conditions, the yield and water use efficiency have reached 28 598 kg/hm2 and 95.33 kg/m3, respectively. Additionally, the water use efficiency was more sensitive to irrigation volume than to fertilizer, but the effect of interaction between irrigation volume and fertilizer level was not statistically significant. An analysis of quality comprehensive indices showed that medium water and medium fertilizer levels could result in the best index values and made the increment in nitrate content controllable, particularly VC, soluble protein and soluble sugar were up to 285.3 mg/kg, 90.48 g/kg, 52.82 mg/g, respectively.
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Received: 23 September 2016
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