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| Effects of groundwater depth on maize growth and water use efficiency |
| Liu Zhandong1, Liu Zugui1, Yu Jianhe2, Nan Jiqin1, Qin Anzhen1, Xiao Junfu1 |
| 1.Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Its Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, He′nan 453002, China; 2.Erfeng Electric Power Irrigation Station in Tianchang, Anhui Province, Tianchang, Anhui 122400, China |
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Abstract Groundwater depth has a significant impact on crop growth, development and water use efficiency. A typical summer maize crop is taken as trial object, six(0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 m)groundwater depths are set up to investigate its effects on morphological indices, grain yield, water consumption, and groundwater recharge during different growth stages of the summer maize, the diffe-rences in water use efficiency are analyzed too.It is turned out that the groundwater depth shows a little effect on plant height, however, either a too shallow or too deep groundwater level can significantly inhibit the increase in leaf-area index(LAI)and growth of stem diameter(P<0.05). The maximum LAI and the biggest stem diameter are reached at 0.4 m groundwater depth. As the crops grow, number of roots and root dry weight decrease initially, and then increase with increasing groundwater depth, a minimum is achievable at a certain depth. Bleeding sap of root system per plant rises with increasing groundwater depth before the grain-fill stage, but the bleeding sap is less affected by ground-water depth when the grain fill stage gets started. Furthermore, the groundwater depth also influences ear size, barren tip length, grain number per ear, 100-grain weight, and grain yield substantially. It is observed that 0.53 m groundwater depth is optimal for achieving the maximum maize yield. At crop growth stages, soil water content in 0-80 cm soil layers is decreased with increasing groundwater depth, but the water content at the same groundwater depth exhibits a slight change during various growth stages. The total water consumption, water consumption at each growth stage, and water consumption intensity are reduced linearly with increasing groundwater depth; their regression equations with groundwater depth have reached extreme significance level(P<0.01). Likewise, the total groundwater recharge, groundwater recharge at each growth stage, and groundwater recharge intensity are also linearly decreased with increasing groundwater depth, the regression equations are at extreme significance level(P<0.01)as well. Water use efficiency increases with increasing groundwater depth, and reaches the maximum at 1.2 m depth. The results have practical significance for utilization and assessment of groundwater resources, and formulation of optimal irrigation scheduling to achieve high maize yield in farm lands on the hills around River Yangtze and Huai.
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Received: 19 June 2013
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