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| Time-varying analysis on hydraulic gradient for non-saturated soil in transient seepage |
| Xu Cundong1, Zhang Shuo2, Shi Guokun1, Chang Zhoumei1 |
| 1.School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan 450011, China; 2.Luoyang Water Resources Surveying & Designing Co.Ltd., Luoyang, Henan 471000, China |
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Abstract To study the dynamic change of hydraulic gradient non-saturated in transient seepage, the differential equation of non-saturated seepage flow was established, and the relationship of matric suction and volumetric-water content was also taken into account in the equation. SEEP/W software was applied on simulating the seepage field in drawdown process and rise process, the change of hydraulic gradient at different depth was analyzed for exploring the rule of hydraulic gradient in different dam parts and the main periods of seepage failure. The simulation results show that hydraulic gradient at upstream side of the bottom, when sudden drawdown at 60%-70% of process, appears a peak which is 36.4 times than stable seepage period, it is the main periods of seepage failure. For the non-satura-ted soil at the upstream side of dam, hydraulic gradient increases slowly at 25%-50% of the water level rising period, but increases to 30-50 times rapidly after 50% of period, so it is the main period of seepage failure after 50% of slowly rising period. Variation of water level has almost no effect on the downstream. The results can provide a decision-making reference for flood regulation and operation management.
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Received: 13 December 2012
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