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Journal of Higher Education Management

	2020 Vol.14 Issue.5 Published 2020-09-10

	1	Multidimensional thinking on the reform of discipline evaluation

		As a powerful fulcrum of discipline construction, discipline evaluation plays an important role in the whole discipline development. In order to give better play to the role of supervision, warning and incentive of discipline evaluation, and maximize the function of promoting construction by evaluation, we need to reflect from the following five aspects. First, discipline evaluation should attach importance to the development of the discipline itself, be based on the actual situation of discipline construction, highlight the innovation, diversity, openness and inclusiveness of discipline development, and construct a new personalized evaluation mechanism. Second, the change of discipline evaluation is beyond itself, and reducing the popularity and paying attention to the internal should be the key to further understanding the role of discipline assessment. Third, the fifth round of discipline evaluation needs to avoid the value orientation of scientism, deepen the classification evaluation, adhere to concepts of "taking undergraduate education as the fundamental" "fostering virtue through education", and pay attention to differences and fairness. Fourth, China Academic Degrees and Graduate Education Development Center should cooperate with various departments to provide highquality discipline development reports after discipline evaluation, so as to enhance social identity and practical effectiveness of discipline evaluation. Fifth, we should cultivate the thirdparty discipline evaluation organization independent of the government administrative design, and explore the internal logic and organizational characteristics of its growth and operation, which could maximize its functions of objective evaluation, organizational coordination and optimization and integration. Only in this way can we effectively promote the modernization of subject evaluation and truly release the energy of evaluation for construction.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 1-14 [Abstract] ( 75 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1053KB] ( 887 )

	15	A study on the staff performance appraisal model at the University of California
		CHANG Tongshan
		The University of California has developed a "goalsengagementaccountabilityresults" performance appraisal (PA) model, ensuring that staff are accountable for their past performance, and future work and professional growth. In the model, supervisors are responsible for their subordinates′ PA. It aims to promote staff professional development, evaluate staff achievements, progress towards workrelated and professional development goals, and issues through annual, halfyear and regular checkins, and suggest a plan for corrective action. It has implications for PA of staff in higher education institutions in China. Institutions should decentralize the power of human resource management to supervisors for PA, so they should be responsible and accountable for PA results; strengthen formative appraisal based on goals and achievements to create a transparent and honest dialogue environment; integrate competencies and potential abilities into appraisal indicators to strengthen staff belonging and competencies; link PA results to rewards, punishments and corrective action; use computer and network technology to develop an electronic PA system that is easy to operate, easy to integrate and sustainable.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 15-23 [Abstract] ( 96 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2142KB] ( 576 )

	24	The reform trend and enlightenment of scientific research evaluation in Australian universities
		LIU Zhimin, LI Xiner
		"Scientific research participation and impacts" has been introduced into the scientific research evaluation system of Australian universities, and more attention has been paid to cooperation and interaction between researchers and external users as well as research impacts on society. The system shows lots of innovative characteristics: comprehensively evaluating "scientific research participation and impacts", which is with more realistic significance; paying attention to cost control to reduce university evaluation pressure; respecting differences in disciplinary evaluation, and adopting expert review based on the model of "indicators + narration". Drawing on Australia′s experience, China should set up individualized indicators, and conduct differentiated evaluations of social participation and impacts of disciplines; establish a research information database, and alleviate university data reporting pressure; enhance transparency and timeliness of information disclosure at all stages of evaluation, and pay attention to social impact evaluation of university research results, so as to improve university discipline evaluation system, which is dominated by research evaluation.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 24-32 [Abstract] ( 60 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 940KB] ( 562 )

	33	Characteristics and enlightenment of college strategic plans of the University of California, Irvine
		WEI Lan
		College strategic plans are colleges′ action guide. Based on the analysis of the strategic plan of the College of Health Sciences of the University of California, Irvine, this paper finds that it has the following characteristics: the strategic objectives that reflect the organizational personality of the college, the strategic measures that highlight the integration of resources, the strategic monitoring that plays the role of indicators, and the strategy formulation that focuses on stakeholders. The logical relationship of the college′s strategic plan is as follows: taking legitimacy review as the premise, competitiveness promotion as the focus, and stakeholders as the driving force, so as to promote the formulation and implementation of the strategic plan. Strategic plans of secondary colleges of universities in China should play their roles not only as a means but also as a process to promote the modernization of college governance; include stakeholders and promote public interests; pay attention to the integration of resources to enhance the competitiveness of the college; seek new growth points of disciplines, and expand knowledge innovation space.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 33-41 [Abstract] ( 82 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 927KB] ( 613 )

	42	On ten points of highquality development of higher education
		HE Zubin
		High-quality development is the only way to realize higher education modernization. Leading high-quality development with new concepts and accelerating higher education modernization are inevitable requirements of comprehensive construction of a modernized socialist country. To promote high-quality development of higher education, China must adhere to the concept of organic coordination and harmonious development under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and focus on factors and mechanisms involved in the system composition, output and development of higher education. Specifically, we should improve the internal governance system and strive for external support; maintain an appropriate school scale and pursue excellent education quality; optimize school structure and improve school-running benefits; develop highlevel undergraduate education and characteristic higher vocational education; consolidate public education and develop private education; achieve modernization of education and teaching and collaboration of scientific research services; define development positioning and strengthen strategic planning; establish forward-looking development concepts and highlight school-running characteristics; inherit unique advantages and realize integrated innovation development; strengthen local education and international education.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 42-48 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 974KB] ( 913 )

	49	Value implication, practical predicament and breakthrough paths of the third-party assessment of higher education based on the separation of supervision, enforcement and evaluation
		XIAO Guofang， YANG Yinfu
		The separation of supervision, enforcement and evaluation is the inevitable requirement of accelerating modernization of the educational governance system and governance capacity. The development of thirdparty assessment is an important orientation of higher education governance modernization and a logical requirement of ensuring social justice under the pattern of interest differentiation. It is also an inevitable way for higher education assessment to become specialized. The contradiction between the governmentoriented governance logic and the role of the server, the resource dependence of higher education assessment on the government, and the lack of cultural identity and mechanism of thirdparty assessment are the main difficulties in thirdparty assessment development. We should consider the establishment of the system environment at the macro level, the optimization of the condition guarantee at the middle level and the specific system arrangement at the micro level, follow the logic of the whole system reform of the country, school and social organization, and shape the institutional framework of the thirdparty assessment of higher education from top to bottom. The state should speed up the legalization process of the thirdparty assessment of higher education, and clarify relevant subjects′ legal responsibilities of higher education assessment. The government should speed up the transformation of its functions to ensure that the power is "affordable", "sustainable" and "well used". Colleges and universities should promote internal governance reform, actively introduce thirdparty evaluation and give full play to its functions. Thirdparty evaluation institutions should strengthen their own capacity building and enhance the effectiveness of thirdparty evaluation in higher education.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 49-57 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 935KB] ( 640 )

	58	The construction of universities′ duty of academic integrity under the rule of law
		ZHENG Lei
		The connotation of universities earnestly fulfilling the duty of academic integrity construction is that the university should prevent and punish academic misconduct, and take the legal responsibility for failing to perform its duty. The academic freedom, the university autonomy, the subsidiary principle, the cooperation principle and statutory law constitute the legal basis of universities′ duty. From the perspective of ternary subject responsibility, the building of universities′ commitment to academic integrity under the rule of law should be carried out via two main measures: improving the internal governance system and strengthening the external supervision. The former focuses on the university′s commitment to preventing and punishing academic misconduct with the premise of strengthening researchers′ selfdiscipline duty. The latter highlights the university′s commitment under university autonomy and state supervision, building a legal supervision system through Party and government accountability, administrative supervision, accountability, and judicial review.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 58-67 [Abstract] ( 77 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1006KB] ( 671 )

	68	The realistic dilemma and transcendence of the university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem in China
		LIU Wenjie
		The universitybased entrepreneurial ecosystem is an organic system, which is based on universities, and influences university entrepreneurship education′s implementation by making entrepreneurship education resources such as talents, capital and information circulate among universities, governments and enterprises. The system achieves effective integration of the "educational" and "entrepreneurial" through academic capital transformation and technology transfer. Seen from dimensions of the environment, structure, function and evolution, China′s universitybased entrepreneurial ecosystem faces some problems. The policy environment needs to be optimized, and the cultural environment is relatively weak. Population development is not balanced and coordinated, and harmonious symbiosis relationship is not formed between different populations. Functions of talent flow, capital circulation and information transmission are not given full play to. The system is in a growth stage, and the agglomeration and diffusion ability of innovation elements is inadequate. Therefore, China should optimize the policy environment, and reshape the cultural environment; balance population development, and establish a cooperative and symbiotic population relationship; coordinately give play to functions of talent flow, capital circulation and information transmission; improve operation mechanism, and strengthen the agglomeration and diffusion ability of innovation elements.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 68-75 [Abstract] ( 87 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 929KB] ( 647 )

	76	The fragmentation of mass creative space system in universities and its countermeasures: the perspective of the theory of holistic governance
		WU Gang， XUE Hao
		The mass creative space is an effective carrier for the implementation of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation". After the development in recent years, China′s mass creative space has grown in a "blowout" way. Rational control of the number of mass creative space and improvement of the quality of mass creative space are issues worthy of attention both at present and in the future. University mass creative space is an important part of national mass creative space, and system construction is the key to improve the quality of mass creative space in universities. At present, there is a tendency of fragmentation in the toplevel design, collaborative implementation, interest expression and other aspects of university mass creative space system. From the perspective of the theory of holistic governance, and based on basic elements of the system, the solution to the problem of fragmentation of mass creative space system in universities can focus on three aspects: to perfect compatible and matching system of laws and regulations on the rule dimension; to build a coordination mechanism of multisubject linkage on the organizational dimension; to shape mutually embedded and beneficial and winwin structure on the practice dimension.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 76-82 [Abstract] ( 75 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 913KB] ( 692 )

	83	A comparative study on Changjiang Scholar Distinguished Professors′ SCI papers published before and after their election: the analysis based on related data of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine disciplines
		QIAO Jinzhong, YAO Chunhua
		By using methods of stratified sampling and purposeful sampling, this paper extracted 176 distinguished professors in Changjiang Scholars Program in science, engineering, agriculture and medicine disciplines as samples to compare their SCI papers published before and after their election. Four indicators used are the annual mean number of SCI papers, annual mean citation times of per SCI paper, Category Normalized Citation Impact and Journal Normalized Citation Impact. This research illustrates that, first, influences of distinguished professors′ SCI papers before and after their election are both higher than the world′s average level, but there is still a gap with the world′s top level. Second, the number of SCI papers published after their election shows a significant increase compared with the number before their election, but the quality is relatively stable. Third, from the perspective of disciplines, the numbers of SCI papers in four categories have increased significantly; the quality of SCI papers in science has decreased significantly, while the quality of SCI papers in engineering, agriculture and medicine has increased, but not significantly. Therefore, universities should adopt classification evaluation, reduce the requirement on the quantity of scientific research achievements in basic disciplines, and introduce a representative work system into quality assessment indicators; establish earlywarning and supervision mechanism of research quality to properly handle the relationship between the quality and quantity of research output; increase investment, and improve quality standards of research achievements of applied discipline talents in the evaluation of professional titles and assessment of the term of employment.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 83-92 [Abstract] ( 75 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 954KB] ( 585 )

	93	An empirical analysis of schoolrunning characteristics of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics and its enlightenment
		GE Shaowei
		Based on the selection and combination of university ranking indicators and the analysis of domestic literature, this study constitutes a collection of evaluation indicators representing worldclass universities with Chinese characteristics. We form five public factors of "representative achievements", "cooperative innovation ability", "overall competitiveness performance", "school environment" and "openness level" in the method of principal component analysis, to represent schoolrunning characteristics of worldclass universities with Chinese characteristics. Among these factors, "representative achievements" have a higher impact on the overall performance of evaluation core elements; "cooperative innovation ability" mainly reflects the social service ability of universities; "overall competitiveness performance" can show the comprehensive schoolrunning strength of universities from many aspects; "school environment" is an important guarantee for universities to perform their schoolrunning functions; "openness level" is an important manifestation of the university′s running orientation. In practice, universities should combine scientific research and teaching closely to promote the output of highlevel original achievements; combine industry and teaching closely to effectively enhance their ability to serve the society; carry out a forwardlooking layout in major basic frontier areas and strategic fields, and strengthen the cross integration of disciplines, so as to promote their overall competitiveness; actively strive for all kinds of schoolrunning resources and create a favorable environment for running schools; carry out extensive cooperation with other countries and enhance the openness level.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 93-103 [Abstract] ( 66 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1049KB] ( 653 )

	104	A quantitative study on influencing factors of the performance of university technological innovation: the theoretical perspective of innovation value chain
		HE Shengsheng
		Based on the theory of innovation value chain, the university technological innovation behavior is divided into the university technological innovation research and development stage and the university technological innovation achievement transformation stage. The quantile regression model is used to verify the impact of each factor on the twostage university technological innovation performance. The study finds that the performance of technological innovation in universities presents spatial distribution characteristics of stepping and agglomeration. At the first stage, the schoolenterprise cooperation and the level of regional economic development at all quantiles have a significant positive effect on the improvement of the university technological innovation R&D level; human capital investment in technology does not show significant impacts; government support and quality of R&D talents have significantly different effects at different quantiles. At the second stage, the maturity of technological achievements at all quantiles has a significant positive effect on the improvement of the transformation efficiency of technological innovation achievements in universities; the number of patented inventions and the ability of enterprises to absorb technological achievements have heterogeneous effects at different quantiles; market innovation environment impact is not significant. Based on these, the government should actively establish schoolenterprise information communication channels, and promote the marketization of technological innovation achievements of universities. At the same time, universities should focus on increasing the number of highquality and mature patents to enhance the efficiency of patent conversion.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 104-114 [Abstract] ( 83 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1678KB] ( 695 )

	115	A study on the policy of undergraduate teaching evaluation in China from the perspective of historical institutionalism
		LIU Yourong, ZHANG Rui
		From the perspective of historical institutionalism, this paper analyzes evolution and institutional logics of undergraduate teaching evaluation policy in China since 1985. It shows that the policy has gone through four stages: the starting, gradual change, radical change， and relatively stagnant and balanced change. Seen from change paths, policy evolution is influenced by path dependence, and the expansion of college enrollment in 1999 and the proposal of "the separation of supervision, enforcement and evaluation" in 2010 are two key nodes. Seen from dynamic mechanism, policy evolution is driven by the change of external institutional environment and internal conditions. Therefore, China should highlight universities′ subject status, and push the evaluation concept switch from "passively regulated" to "initiatively selfdisciplined"; speed up legal construction from "order restraint" to "regulation restraint"; optimize the evaluation scheme and construct a worldclass undergraduate education quality assurance system with Chinese characteristics.
		2020 Vol. 14 (5): 115-124 [Abstract] ( 65 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 957KB] ( 585 )

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