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The Development from Natural Philosophy to Science and Its Enlightenment |
QIAN Zhao-Hua, TANG Chao |
School of Marxism, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China |
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Abstract The essence of natural philosophy is an overall, abstract and general explanation of nature, which can not be strictly tested within man's experience. The essence of science is a concrete, precise and classificatory explanation of nature, which can be strictly tested within man's experience. But in the ancient times man's experiences were unsystematic, imprecise, partial and non-directional, and therefore were unable to test strictly the second type of explanations in many cases because of the form and level of practice. So, in the ancient times science and natural philosophy could not be differentiated from each other. But the emerging of experiment method enabled man to obtain systematic, precise, overall and directional experiences, which could be strictly tested. Therefore science became independent from natural philosophy. The independence of science indicated that proper methods were of paramount importance to scientific research.
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Received: 20 March 2013
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