Accurately defining the basis of governmental litigation right is the prerequisite for the construction and improvement of ecoenvironmental damage compensation system. Taking the national ownership to natural resources as the basis of governmental litigation right gives rise to many problems in theory and practice. It is a more appropriate choice to reshape the ecoenvironment damage compensation system with the theory of national environmental obligation, which plays down rights and emphasizes obligations. The ecoenvironmental damage compensation system based on the national environmental obligations can theoretically make up for the disadvantages of the current system, and be necessary and feasible. It is conducive to clarify the positioning of the ecoenvironmental damage compensation system, optimize the ecoenvironmental damage consultation system and improve the rules of governmental claim for eco-environmental damage.