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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2022 Vol.40 Issue.8
Published 2022-08-25

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2022 Vol. 40 (8): 1- [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 31547KB] ( 267 )
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2022 Vol. 40 (8): 2- [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1318KB] ( 207 )
757 Research progress of non-uniform inflow of water jet pump
LI Wei,YANG Zhenyu*,SHI Weidong,LI Enda,JI Leilei
In view of the non-uniform inflow during the operation of the water jet pump, the reasons for the non-uniform inflow were analyzed from the aspects of drive shaft disturbance, ship boundary layer thickness, and water inlet channel structure, and the inlet speed was compared with the IVR and ship sailing speed. On the impact of unevenness, the adverse effects of non-uniform inflow were summarized. When the inlet speed is higher than the IVR and ship speed, the unevenness of the inlet surface also increases, and the inlet quality gradually deteriorates. Under non-uniform inflow, there are radial velocity and pressure gradients on the inlet surface of the pump, causing the water jet pump instability such as backflow, secondary flow, and flow separation in the working process. The internal vortex disturbance replaces the system disturbance to cause stalling, resulting in energy dissipation. At the same time, blade load, cavitation volume distribution and pressure pulsation also show a high degree of non-uniformity. Based on the research status of non-uniform inflow at home and abroad in recent years, the content and direction of the non-uniform inflow of water jet pump are proposed.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 757-765 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2774KB] ( 308 )
766 Effects of offset blade on the pressure pulsation and wake structures in a centrifugal pump
GAO Bo*,ZHOU Zhiwei,NI Dan,ZHANG Ning,GU Jiarong
Wake structure of the impeller blade is an important factor which can induce strong pressure pulsation in a centrifugal pump. A low specific speed centrifugal pump was chosen as the research object. The unsteady calculation of the flow flied was carried out by DDES(delayed detached eddy simulation)method in the pump. The pressure pulsation spectrum characteristics and wake vortex structures of three impeller types, i.e., the ordinary impeller, airfoil blade impeller and offset blade impeller, were compared in detail. It is shown that, the pump head is significantly increased with the offset blade impeller. The efficiency near the design working condition is higher than the other two impeller types, and the high efficiency area is wider. Compared with the ordinary impeller, the pressure pulsation amplitude at the fBPF solution is greatly reduced with the offset blade, especially in the vicinity of the tongue. The fBPF amplitude drops by 43%, and the pulsation energy in the low frequency range is also suppressed. Due to the effect by the interference of the offset blade wake, the high vorticity area of the impeller blade wake is significantly reduced, and the average vorticity intensity is weakened, which is the main reason for the decreasing of the pressure pulsation energy. Therefore, the offset blade design can effectively suppress the impeller blade wake vortex and reduce the pump pressure pulsation energy.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 766-770 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2881KB] ( 296 )
771 Characteristics of energy transformation in disc impellers with holes
WANG Tao,XIANG Ru*,YAN Jing,ZHOU Min,
In order to study the flow and energy conversion characteristics of disc impeller with holes, based on energy conservation theorem and quantitative mathematical calculation analysis, the mechanism of doing work which differs from that of centrifugal pumps was analyzed, that is, the disc impeller performs work by making use of the thrust which caused Coriolis acceleration and the increment of mechanical energy of fluid was equivalent to the work performed by disc impeller. It is proved that the working mechanism of this kind of impeller for water flow is different from that of vane pump, that is, the impeller works on the water with the force generating Coriolis acceleration, and there is an equivalent relationship between the amount of work done by the impeller and the increment of water flow mechanical energy. At the same time, some hydraulic characteristics of this kind of pump which are different from centrifugal pump are revealed theoretically: the theoretical head produced by the impeller does not change with the flow. Disc pump generate higher heads than centrifugal pumps with the same impeller diameters and rotation speed. The results will help develop research approach for disc pumps and be beneficial in flow and energy conversion study in disc pumps.

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2022 Vol. 40 (8): 771-776 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1405KB] ( 290 )
777 Relationship between flow pulsation and entropy production rate of pump turbine
ZENG Hongji,LI Zhenggui*,LI Deyou,LI Qifei
In order to study the operation stability of pump turbine under different working conditions, the flow pattern, entropy production rate distribution and pressure pulsation of model pump turbine runner and vaneless area were numerically simulated by FLUENT software, and the numerical simulation results were compared with the test. The results show that the pressure pulsation data of numerical calculation are in good agreement with the experimental values, and the drastic changes of velocity gradient and pressure gradient caused by vortex are the root cause of high energy loss in pump turbine. Compared with the design condition, the flow separation and rotating stall of the flow on the suction surface of the runner blade under small flow condition will lead to higher entropy production rate, and the amplitudes of the main frequency and the second main frequency of the pressure pulsation on the suction surface of the blade are the largest. Under the condition of large flow, the dynamic and static interference is dominant, the entropy production rate in the vaneless region is the largest, and the main frequency amplitude of pressure pulsation in the corresponding vaneless region is also the largest. It can be seen that there is a strong correlation between entropy production rate and pressure pulsation in the main flow area under various working conditions. In the area with large entropy production rate, the pressure pulsation is also large.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 777-784 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4129KB] ( 380 )
785 Influence of clocking effect on performance of impeller in centrifugal pump with vaned diffuser
GU Yuhui,YIN Xinyue,DENG Xiaoqin,ZHAO Zechuan,JIANG Wei*
In order to study the influence of clocking location of the guide vane on the hydraulic performance and operational stability of the centrifugal pump, the SST k-ω turbulence model is used to analyze the unsteady flow inside the centrifugal pump when the guide vane was located at different clocking locations. The focus is the influence of the clocking location of the guide vane on the impeller′s work. The results showed that the work of the impeller blade fluctuates periodically due to the rotor-stator interaction at the same clocking position of the guide vane. At different clocking location of the guide vanes, the peak and trough times of the work performed by the impeller blades are different, and there is an obvious phase difference. It shows that the influence factors of the clocking effect on the work of the impeller blade are mainly the impeller-guide vane rotor-stator interaction, and the impeller-volute rotor-stator interaction, and the asymmetric geometry of volute. At different clocking locations of the guide vanes, the work done by the impeller flow passage shows periodic fluctuations and a phase difference. At the same time, due to the influence of the impeller-guide vane rotor-stator interaction, the pressure field distribution in the impeller outlet area is different. It also shows that the influence of impeller-guide vane rotor-stator interaction is the main factor of the influence of the cloc-king effect of the guide vane on the work by the impeller passage.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 785-792 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3392KB] ( 318 )
793 Theoretical prediction model of gas-phase diameter in multiphase pump based on Weber number
LIU Ming,TAN Lei,CAO Shuliang
In order to determine an appropriate value of gas-phase diameter to guarantee the simulation accuracy of gas-liquid flow inside multiphase pumps, from Weber number, which is a vital dimensionless value for bubble size, the relationship between gas-phase diameter and rotation speed, flow rate, gas volume fraction was established based on critical Weber number, and a theoretical prediction model for gas-phase diameter in multiphase pumps was proposed. The theoretical prediction model was applied in a three-stage rotodynamic multiphase pump. Under a total of 20 operating conditions of various flow rates and inlet gas volume fraction, the values of gas-phase diameter for numerical simulation were calibrated according to experimental results, and the empirical factors in the theoretical prediction model were fitted. Finally, the average deviation between prediction and calibration values of gas-phase diameter was 7.28% According to the analysis of the distribution of gas-phase diameter and Weber number on the meridional passages inside the multiphase pump, the regions with high values of gas-phase diameter and Weber number are specified. It is also found that the gas phase of high volume fraction in the impeller passage will flow and develop along with the mainstream, but will gather to form a low-velocity pocket and block the passage of diffuser. The research results are helpful to improve the accuracy of two-phase numerical simulation of multiphase pump.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 793-799 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3529KB] ( 365 )
800 Characteristics of flow field and coarse particle motion in multiphase pump for deep-sea mining
WANG Yuqi,SU Xianghui*,ZHU Zuchao
Due to the large particle size and complex fluid interaction, it is difficult to study the two-phase flow in multiphase pump with coarse particle. Aiming at the flow of multiphase pump with 10 mm particle size, the standard k-ω model was used to construct flow models with the same volume concentration and different particle sizes to study the influence of particle size on the hydralic characteristics of the pump and the distribution of particles with different particle sizes in the pump. Combined with the entropy production theory, the energy loss and local entropy production of the flowing parts in the pump were studied at different flow rates. The result shows that the particles accumulate at low speed at the impeller entrance in the impeller passage of the multiphase pump, and the particle velocity increases with the increase of radial distance. Between the two poles, the particle accumulation at the entrance of the second stage impeller weakens. With the decrease of particle size, the acceleration of particles in the impeller passage increases, and the velocity of particles with small particle size at the exit is larger, and the movement phenomenon of particles with small particle size sticking to the blade is obvious. Compared with the entropy production, the loss of the second stage entropy production between the poles is obviously larger, resulting in the difference in the characteristics of the two stages. Meanwhile, compared with the distribution of entropy production, the LEPR in the second stage impeller and guide blade is larger. It provides reference value for the research of the flow in the multiphase pump of coarse particles in the hydraulic lifting device of deep-sea mining and for the research and application of the solid-liquid two-phase flow of coarse particles.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 800-806 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3747KB] ( 308 )
807 State evaluation of bulb tubular turbine unit based on variable weight cloud model
TAN Picheng,FENG Fang*,LIU Yu,ZENG Huibin,PAN Hong,ZHAO Biao,YIN Guiheng
In order to make an objective evaluation on the operation state of the bulb tubular turbine, a multi-index system for its state evaluation was proposed based on cloud model, and a multi-layer comprehensive evaluation model of bulb tubular turbine at component level and equipment level was established. By introducing the cloud theory, the membership degree of each index to each state level of tubular turbine was directly obtained, and the membership matrix of each equipment was listed. Combined with the variable weight theory, the combined weight of each index is determined, and then the weighted average operator is transformed into the corresponding score, and the health state of bulb tubular turbine was obtained. Combined with the case study, it is found that this method is simple, easy to operate, and more accurate than the traditional method in turbine component level evaluation, which provides a new way for condition based maintenance of bulb tubular turbine.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 807-813 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1825KB] ( 272 )
814 Compressive strength, pore structure and material composition of IWSF-FA mold-bag concrete
XU Deru,ZOU Chunxia*,DING Hongjing,SUN Haoran,ZHAO Quan,WU Jun
In order to enhance the coagulation performance of the mold-bag concrete lining and reduce the cement consumption, the industrial waste silicafume(IWSF)and fly ash(FA)from Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation is used to replace part of the cement on the mold-bag concrete lining appropriately. The compressive strength, pore structure and internal material composition of concrete lining are studied by the experiment such as the compressive strength test, ultraviolet test, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and thermogravimetric test, so as to know how the characteristics are affected by IWSF and FA replaced part of cement. Firstly, the compressive strength of the mold-bag lining can increase by double-mixing of IWSF and FA suitably, such as FA15S4. Secondly, the composition of the hydration products C-S-H and CH in the double-mixing group is the better than that in other groups on its ultraviolet absorption spectrum. Thirdly, the NMR T2 spectrum distribution of the IWSF-FA concrete exhibits a three-peak structure, whose left peak signal amplitude is the highest, and IWSF-FA is be-neficial to improving the internal pore structure of concrete. Fourthly, the IWSF-FA concrete has good thermal properties. Furthermore, a prediction model of the early compressive strength of the mold-bag concrete based on the BP neural network theory was established,and the maximum relative error between the prediction result and the test value is 2.7%. This research will provide reference for the application of IWSF-FA concrete in hydraulic lining engineering.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 814-820 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2081KB] ( 265 )
821 Analysis of branch vent draining process in complex pipeline system based on improved air valve model
LIANG Xing*,DENG Fei,LIU Meiqing,GAO Ganggang,CAO Hanwen
In order to analyze the hydraulic transition process induced by the closure of upstream valve of branch pipe in the complex pipeline system, an improved air valve calculation model was established by using the method of gradually advancing the air volume from air valve to the downstream. Taking a diversion project as an example, two air valve models were used to calculate the corresponding water hammer. The results show that when the classical air valve calculation model is adopted, the ″simulated″ flow is caused by the large upstream elevation, and the simulation results deviate greatly from the engineering practice. The branch pipe flow gradually decreases to 0 based on the improved air valve calculation model, and the upstream flow of the main line at the meeting point gradually increases, the downstream flow gradually decreases, and the main line flow finally reaches 121.5 m3/s. In the transition process, the water level of each surge tank of the main line decreases, but there is no leakage. Water level of each surge tank and meeting point pressure are similar to the steady-state calculated values(main line flow 121.5 m3/s), and the maximum deviation is only 0.16 m, which proves the accuracy of the improved air valve calculation model. It provides a new method for the study of filling and draining of complex water conveyance system.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 821-825 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2382KB] ( 270 )
826 Influence of flow fluctuation characteristics on flow and heat transfer in different regions
PENG Jinghua,SHEN Jiehui,XIE Weian,ZHAI Shaohua,XI Guannan*
To study the enhanced heat transfer mechanism of the cylinder model built into the back step of the heat exchanger, Fluent was used for numerical simulation, and the reliability of the simulation results was verified by particle image velocimetry(PIV). When Reynolds number is 700 and the cylinder(Xc/S=0.6, Yc/S=1, d=6 mm)is inserted, the periodicity of the unsteady flow in the backward step passage and the influence of the periodic fluctuation on the heat transfer in different areas of the passage are studied. The results show that in the transitional flow state, the periodic velocity fluctuation of the flow passage is controlled by the frequency of two fundamental waves, that is, the frequency affected by the step fs(fs=7.25 Hz)and the frequency affected by the cylinder fc(fc=14.10 Hz). fc mainly acts on the upstream of the flow passage, the upstream backflow movement is destroyed and the instantaneous peak value of Nusselt number is increased by 2.52 times; fc promotes the generation of step vibration frequency fs in advance; the downstream temperature gradient decreases and the instantaneous Nusselt number decreases gradually. The combined action of the step separating fluid and the cylinder wake improves the heat transfer effect of the flow passage as a whole, and at the same time, the friction coefficient of the wall increases.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 826-833 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5402KB] ( 288 )
834 Effect of Yellow River drip irrigation on growth and development, yield and quality of grapes
ZHAI Yingjian,WU Wenyong,WANG Zhenhua,HU Yaqi
To explore the effects of drip irrigation with Yellow River on the growth, yield and quality of fieldgrapes,based on the comparative experiment of 3 years Crimson grape irrigated with Yellow River water and groundwater in the whole growth period under field conditions, the growth, yield and fruit quality of the Crimson grape was measured, and the growth indicators under two water quality drip irrigation conditions of grape in the whole growth stage and yield was analyzed. The results show that the Yellow River water can significantly affect the growth and development of Crimson grapes. Irrigation with the Yellow River water significantly promoted the growth and development of new shoots, fruit expansion, fruit shape index and hardness. The soluble solids and soluble sugar content of grapes under drip irrigation of the Yellow River were 21.26% and 13.59% higher than that of groundwater drip irrigation, respectively. The titratable acid content of grapes decreases by 15.79% under the same condition. Drip irrigation with Yellow River water has positive significance in promoting the growth of new shoots, increasing the yield and improving the nutritional quality. This experiment can provide scientific basis and theoretical reference for the development of drip irrigation of grapes.

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2022 Vol. 40 (8): 834-841 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1549KB] ( 360 )
842 Effects of reclaimed water irrigation on the distribution of heavy metal in paddy fields
WANG Lei*,ZHOU Luyao,HU Jingbo,CAI Jiafang,WANG Wei,XIAO Wanchuan,HE Miaomiao
Based on the field experiment, the paddy field in South China was taken as the research object, aiming at the safe irrigation regulation of reclaimed water, the effects of different irrigation water sources(rural domestic sewage primary treatment water R1, secondary treatment water R2, ecological pond purified water R3 and river water R4)and irrigation regulations(low water level control W1, medium water level control W2 and high water level control W3)on the changes of typical heavy me-tals(Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn)in soil and crops were studied, and the ecological risk of rural domestic reclaimed water irrigation regulation on soil heavy metals was analyzed. The results show that the contents of Cd and Pb are increased slightly, but the contents of Cr, Cu and Zn are decreased in paddy field. The contents of heavy metals in rice organs are shown that stem> grain≈leaf. The composition of heavy metals is shown that Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd. Compared with irrigation water sources, water level regulation has little effect on the accumulation of heavy metals in rice organs. The content of heavy metals in rice grain is not increased significantly under reclaimed water irrigation, which meets the limit requirements of pollutants in rice grains. The ecological risk coefficient of Cd in paddy fields under rural domestic sewage reclaimed irrigation is the highest, followed by that of Cu and Pb, the risk coefficient of Cr and Zn is relative lower, and the potential ecological risk under R3 water sources is the lowest. In general, serious pollution to paddy field is not caused by reclaimed water irrigation, but whether a continuous increase in the risk of heavy metal pollution will be caused remains to be studied by long-term reclaimed water irrigation.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 842-849 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2012KB] ( 310 )
850 Effect of irrigation water salinity on soil salinity and winter wheat yield
GOU Qishu,DANG Hongkai,MA Junyong,ZHANG Junpeng,LI Quanqi*,WANG Xin
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 850-856 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1812KB] ( 325 )
857 Suitability of different rice varieties in saline-alkali land in northern Shaanxi
HE Zhenjia,WANG Qilong,LUO Lintao*,DU Yichun,
The cultivation and screening of rice varieties suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali land in Dingbian County, northern Shaanxi is of great significance for the utilization of saline-alkali land and the improvement of the ecological environment. A field experiment was carried out in Yingpanliang Village, Duiziliang Town, Dingbian County. Four treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 were set up, namely Longyou 619, Ningjing 28, Dongdao No. 4, and rice FL478. Well water was used as irrigation water sources to study the effects of different rice varieties on the physical and chemical properties, nutrients, soil ion changes, rice growth status and yield of saline-alkali soils. The results show that compared with that before rice planting, the soil pH value and total salt content of each treatment decreased to different degrees(P<0.05, P<0.01). After planting rice, each treatment promoted the reduction of soil clay content and the increase of silt content, while the sand content decreased. The soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content of each treatment increased to different degrees(P<0.01), but the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium decreased significantly(P<0.05). The organic matter content of soil tillage layer in treatment T1, T2, T3, and T4 increased by 219.87%, 398.34%, 218.91%, and 277.53%, respectively, and the total nitrogen content increased by 150.00%, 300.00%, 160.71%, and 29.23% respectively. The contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO2-4 and HCO-3 in each treatment were decreased by 46.76%, 63.78%, 33.91%, 63.78% and 43.18%, respectively, when compared with the background value. Planting rice has a significant effect on soil desalination. The relationship between each treatment and rice plant height growth and number of ears per m2 was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was significant different in 100-grain mass quality and yield between treatment T1 and rice planted in saline-alkali land(P<0.01). Treatment T1 improved by 4.96%, 42.78% and 161.64% compared with T2, T3 and T4,respectively. Longyou 619 and Ningjing 28 have higher rice yields and are more suitable rice varieties for planting in saline-alkali land in northern Shaanxi, and can be promoted in northern Shaanxi.
2022 Vol. 40 (8): 857-864 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1455KB] ( 301 )
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