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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2020 Vol.38 Issue.2
Published 2020-02-25
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2020 Vol. 38 (2): 1- [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4079KB] ( 288 )
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2020 Vol. 38 (2): 2- [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 292KB] ( 289 )
109 Integrated method to optimize jet pump anti-wear performance
ZOU Chenhai,LI Hong*,THOMPSON Harvey,KHATIR Zindine,XIANG Qingjiang
The wear of solid particles is a major concern in the fluid transporting field, which affects the efficiency or even causes safety problems like abrupt failure. Wear damages within jet pumps and other fluid equipments are prevalent in the process industries where sands are found, such as the deep well jet pump device, especially the suction chamber around its nozzle. To mitigate the wear, the anti-wear performance of the jet pump is optimized. For saving the cost of material wear test, a prediction method through combining a wear map of specific material(316L stainless steel)and numerical simulation results were proposed. Then three parameters(nozzle angle, area ratio and nozzle exit dia-meter)were chosen to be optimized, following Plackett-Burman experimental design. After that, the optimal combination of parameters was obtained from the multi-objective optimization(high efficiency and low erosion rate)through D-optimal factorial design experiments. The results show that the new model provides a wear reduction and is validated by the test. According to the observations of nozzle wear scars by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), the conclusion is consistent with the results of numerical simulation analysis.〓
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 109-114 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4562KB] ( 358 )
115 Influence of diameter of rear sealing ring on axial force characteristics of centrifugal pump
LIU Zailun,XU Hang*,LU Weiqiang,CHEN Taoli
In order to study the effect of diameter of the rear sealing ring on the liquid pressure and axial force in the balance cavity of centrifugal pump, 3D modeling and simulation of the whole flow for the pump were carried out to find out basic agreement between the numerical simulation of centrifugal pump performance and the experimental measurements. On this basis, the pump head, efficiency and shaft power in the range of 90-140 mm in diameter of the rear sealing ring were predicted. Under the pump design conditions, the distribution of the diameter of the rear sealing ring in the axial and radial directions of the liquid pressure in the balance cavity, and its effect on the axial force were studied. And then, the dimensionless relationship curves of head coefficient and axial force coefficient were plotted. The results show that under the same flow conditions, when the diameter of the rear sealing ring increases, the pump head and the efficiency decrease but the shaft power increases; moreover, the larger the diameter of the rear sealing ring, the more significant effect on pump performance. Under the same diameter of the rear sealing ring, the liquid pressure in the balance cavity almost keeps unchanged in the axial direction, and the pressure increases radially from the pump shaft to the outlet of the sealing ring. The axial force coefficient curve is a non-linear curve, and when the specific area K decreases, the axial force coefficient gradually increases. When K is 0.25, the axial force is almost zero and the pump′s ability to balance the axial force is the best.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 115-120 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2590KB] ( 332 )
121 Characteristics of pressure fluctuation in pump system with low head
CHEN Lanchuan,XU Lei*,ZHANG Xiaokang,YAN Shikai,WANG Dongwei
The basic rules of pressure fluctuation in the vane pump and pump system with low head were analyzed preliminarily. According to the pressure fluctuation model test results of the vertical pump system of drainage pumping station in the West Drainage Project of Upper Yaojiang River under different impeller angles and different discharges, the basic rules of pressure fluctuation at the impeller chamber inlet, impeller chamber outlet, guide vane outlet and outlet conduit outlet were analyzed preliminarily. Theoretical analysis for the pressure fluctuation in the pump system with low head was made from the aspects of the flow condition between impeller and guide vane and the pump working condition. And the further research problems for the pressure fluctuation in the low head pump system were put forward such as influences of the size of the gap between the guide vane and the impeller and the number of guide vane on the pressure fluctuation characteristics of the pump system with low head. From aspects of hydraulic factor and pump manufacture, the countermeasures which were used to avoid the harmful effect of pressure fluctuation were proposed, including appropriately increasing the gap between the impeller and the guide vane, avoiding the pump operating under the condition of deviating from the optimal working condition, and improving the cavitation resistance performance of the pump. From the angle of avoiding resonance, some measurements such as appropriately increasing the thickness of the impeller blades and guide vanes, and strengthening the structural design of the pump were put forward.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 121-126 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2715KB] ( 344 )
127 Boundary vorticity flux prediction of the centrifugal pump impeller based on artificial neural network
ZHAO Binjuan,LIU Qi*,FU Yanxia,ZHAO Youfei,LIAO Wenyan,XIE Yuntong
Based on the theory of boundary vorticity dynamics, the force and moment of an arbitrary shape object can be obtained by the boundary vorticity flux integral. Therefore, if the distribution of the boundary vorticity flow on the inner surface of the centrifugal pump impeller can be predicted, the internal flow condition and force of the impeller can be analyzed and known, which helps to improve the design of the impeller. Hence, the BP neural network and radial basis neural network were chosen as the modeling methods, and the boundary vorticity flux on the inner surface of impeller was taken as the prediction target. Firstly, high-accuracy CFD calculations were performed to obtain the BVF distributions in 70 centrifugal pump impellers and construct 70 groups of initial training samples. Then, 63 initial samples were used to establish the nonlinear mapping relation between the geometric parameters of the centrifugal pump impeller and the boundary vorticity flux. Besides, the remaining 7 proofread samples were used to test the relation by comparing the predicted values of the neural networks with the calculated values of numerical simulations. According to the magnitude of the error, the predictive performance of the artificial neural network was evaluated. It shows that compared with BP neural network, RBF neural network has higher prediction accuracy, shorter training time and higher opera-tion stability. The width of radial basis function has a great influence on the prediction performance of RBF neural network. When the radial basis function width is set as 0.3, the RBF neural network has the best prediction performance and the prediction error is only 0.020 3. The boundary vorticity flux distribution on the inner surface of the impeller predicted by the RBF neural network can be used as an important index to evaluate the hydraulic design of the impeller, and then guide the optimal design of the turbomachinery.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 127-132 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2072KB] ( 355 )
133 Analysis of internal flow characteristics of pump-turbine under different openings of misaligned guide vanes
LI Qifei,LONG Shican*,ZHOU Feng,ZHAO Chaoben,WEI Xianzhu
In order to obtain the internal flow characteristics of misaligned guide vanes at different openings, a model of pump-turbine in a turbine storage power station was taken as the research object. Based on SST k-ω turbulence model, the numerical simulation was carried out for fully-three-dimensional unsteady flow field with different openings of guide vanes and compared with the experiment results. The vortex structure between the guide vanes and the runner and inside the runner was discussed, and the force on runner and the pressure fluctuation in draft tube was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the flow rate of the over current component will increase when the number of pre-opening guide vanes increases, and the high-speed water ring existing in the guide vane and runner area will also follow. The number of pre-opening guide vanes increases and is destroyed, forming a di-sordered turbulence. From the perspective of the runner area, different vortex structures are formed in the liquid passage of the blade. The distribution of these vortex structures is uneven, which directly affects the force of the runner. This situation is more obvious when the number of pre-opening guide vanes increases. As the number of pre-opening guide vanes increases, the amplitude of the radial force of the runner gradually increases. Further analysis of the pressure fluctuation of the draft tube found that the change of the pressure fluctuation of the draft tube was also the same. As the number of pre-opening guide vanes increased, the increase of the pulsation caused the vibration of the unit to intensify, resulting in unstable operation of the unit.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 133-138 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 10493KB] ( 308 )
139 Analysis of vibration signal characteristics of centrifugal pump impeller under different wear degrees
YIN Jiangnan,YUAN Shouqi*,LUO Yin,SUN Hui,GONG Bo
In order to study the characteristics of the vibration signal under different wear degrees of the inlet edge of centrifugal pump, based on the platform of virtual instrument, the IS-50-160-00 single-suction centrifugal pump was used as the research object, the vibration signal was conducted by means of time domain and frequency domain. The method of kurtosis analysis was taken in time domain analysis. The result shows the kurtosis of different wear impellers with the same variation degree. The kurtosis of vibration signal in the direction of base and axis was monitored to judge the wear degree of centrifugal pump. Based on the analysis of peak factors, there is a higher peak in the domain spectrum of wear impeller, especially in the direction of axis. The variation of vibration energy would appear at high frequency in the method of maximum entropy spectrum analysis. The variation of vibration energy at high frequency(2 500-5 000 Hz)can be used to determine the wear level of impeller. It can be found that there is the greatest variation of energy of PSD in the directions of base and axis. The cha-racteristics of the vibration signal of the centrifugal pump impeller under different wear degrees can provide reference for the monitoring and analysis of the centrifugal pump fault.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 139-144 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1967KB] ( 311 )
145 Design and application of integrated measurement and control system for irrigation canal gates in large-scale irrigation districts
SHI Zhongxing,ZHANG Shiwei*,ZHANG Yanrui,YU Shuli,XU Zhuoning
Based on the technologies of automation control, network communication and measurement, an integrated monitoring and control equipment for irrigation gates was designed and developed, and applied and verified in Jingdian Irrigation District of Gansu Province. The results show that the canal gates integrated measurement and control system can realize the automatic monitoring, collection and calculation analysis of the irrigation area flow data, which improves the measurement accuracy, and can store, query and display the data, realize the data sharing, and form the irrigation district water resources management database. The remote automatic control and adjustment of canal discharge is realized, which improves the management level and efficiency. This research of the integrated gate mea-surement and control system provides powerful technical support for the scientific management of water resources in large-scale irrigation districts in China, which provides a useful exploration for the deve-lopment of the gate water measurement technology.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 145-151 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8486KB] ( 302 )
152 Experimental study on shape optimization of aerator of stepped spillway with high head
GUO Yingying,YANG Jurui*,REN Zhongcheng,TANG Jianqin
The research theories for setting up an aerator in front of the stepped spillway to improve the dam surface erosion reduction capacity and the dam energy dissipation rate are still immature. Nine types of aerated concrete for hydraulic model tests, were adopted and the variance analysis and range analysis method was used to obtain the significant influence of the different heights and angles aerated on the hydraulic characteristics of the stepped spillway. The experimental results show that: Compared with the height aerated, the angle has a great influence on the maximum negative pressure on the step surface. When the angle of aerator is 11.3°, the height of aerator is 1.0 m or 1.3 m, the maximum ne-gative pressure on the step surface is minimum, which is -9.25 kPa or -8.56 kPa respectively. Compared with the height aerated, the angle of aerator has a significant influence on the maximum time average pressure in the anti-arc section, but the effect of the different heights and angles on the minimum time average pressure in the stilling pool is similar. When the angle of aerator is 11.3°, the height is 0.7 m or 1.0 m, the upstream water flow has a lower scouring strength to the downstream floor, the water body is aerated sufficiently, and the maximum time average pressure in the anti-arc section is 424.44 kPa or 431.73 kPa respectively. For the energy dissipation effect of the dam, the height of aerator is the main factor affecting the energy dissipation rate of the stepped spillway. According to the comprehensive analysis of various factors, it is recommended that the angle of aerator of 11.3° and the height of 1.0 m be the optimum aerator type, with an energy dissipation rate of 53.63%.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 152-156 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1350KB] ( 304 )
157 Risk identification and application of pumping station construction safety based on BIM
YUAN Zhimei,ZHOU Lanting*,XU Changhua
Starting from the cause of pumping station accidents, aiming at the shortcomings of traditional risk identification methods and processes, a BIM-based risk identification method is proposed. According to the different identification methods of risk factors in BIM, it is divided into static and dynamic information types,the process of extracting and judging model attribute parameter information is designed, at the same time, based on the three-dimensional visualization model, using Visual Studio 2017 development platform, using C # the secondary development of Revit is implemented to extract the specific attribute parameters of the 3D model. The safety knowledge base is constructed through the standard article analysis method, and the extracted BIM attribute parameters are compared with the standard safety knowledge in the safety knowledge base, so as to realize the automatic identification and visual output of static risk factors in the safety knowledge base,using SQL language to query related risk factors and preventive measures, and using Navisworks to realize the identification of dynamic risk factors. Taking the identification of the opening and scaffolding of a pumping station as an example, the feasibility of this method is analyzed, which is of important reference significance for optimizing construction safety planning and making up for the lack of safety risk knowledge of safety ma-nagers.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 157-162 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4549KB] ( 341 )
163 Dynamic and static characteristics of water lubricated tilting pad bearings
WANG Li,WANG Xingyuan,JIANG Xiaoping,*,WANG Xinwei,WU Guoqiao,YE Xiaoyan,HU Jingning
In order to study the performance of water lubricated tilting pad bearing, the five-pad tilting bearing was chosen as the research and object, the static and dynamic characteristics of the water lubricated bearing under different structural parameters were systematically analyzed. The Reynolds equation was solved based on FDD(finite difference method), the influence of various parameters on the minimum water film thickness, the eccentricity of journal, the Sommerfeld number and the dynamic coefficients were obtained by numerical simulation. The results show that the carrying capacity and stability of the bearings can be improved by increasing the length-diameter ratio or preload coefficient. In the rotor system without reversing, the bias design of pad fulcrum could be adopted, and the perfor-mance of the bearing is better when the bias rate of the fulcrum is about 0.6. Increasing the pad angle of the bearing pad appropriately is beneficial to the improving the stability and capacity of the bearing.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 163-169 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2163KB] ( 358 )
170 Calculation and analysis of airfoil optimization in artificial flow
CHEN Yunfan*,CAI Xu,ZHANG Hua,YANG Chen,WANG Yuan,XU Yunfneg
Airfoil optimization is an important method in hydraulic machinery design, which can effectively improve the efficiency in artificial flow. Submersible mixer is an important artificial flow-making equipment, and its design is connected with axial flow pump in the background where the domestic mainly relies on experience to meet the needs of engineering selection. The submersible mixer is designed by using axial flow pump airfoil optimization—streamline method, and the polyhedral meshes and boundary prismatic meshes are adopted. It was found after CFD numerical calculation that the designed initial model had better hydraulic effect. On this basis, the distribution of velocity circulation in the initial model was analyzed. The blade was optimized by changing the outlet angle of submersible mixer to change the radial distribution of velocity circulation, and five kinds of optimized hydraulic models of submersible mixer were obtained. Comparative analysis was carried out at constant power. According to the performance evaluation criteria, the loop quantity distribution rule 1 is the airfoil characteristic with the best mixing effect of submersible mixer.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 170-175 [Abstract] ( 78 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6148KB] ( 382 )
176 Effect of surface roughness on properties of liquid film lubricated hydrodynamic mechanical seal
CHEN Huilong,ZHANG Peilin*,SUN Dongdong,CHEN Miaomiao,WU Yuanzheng
Taking a laser surface textured mechanical seal(LST-MS)as the research object, the surface roughness model conforming with Gauss probability distribution was established. The influence of surface roughness on the sealing performance of different parts of the sealing end surface was studied using the software Fluent. The orthogonal test further analyzed the influence of the roughness of different parts on the sealing performance.The results show that the liquid film opening force and friction torque increase with the increase of end surface roughness and rotation speed. The leakage decreases with the increase of end surface roughness and increases with the increase of the rotational speed. The degree of influence on the increase of the opening force and friction torque, and the decrease of the leakage are as follows: the roughness of the cavity of the moving ring is the most affected, the influence of the roughness of the static ring end surface is the second, and the roughness of the non-recessed area of the moving ring is the least.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 176-182 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3678KB] ( 314 )
183 Numerical simulation of flow field characteristics of pressure controllable pipe with microporous walls
KAN Biao,*,GAO Yun,XU Shengsong,DING Jianning,
Aiming to reduce the energy loss of fluent induced by the resistance of pipes and accelerate the flow rate, a model of pressure controllable pipe withmicroporous walls is promoted. The air in the micropore provided boundary constraint for the flow and helped to reduce the resistance. The effect of flow rate acceleration could be modulated by controlling the pressure of the air in the micropore. Based on the numerical simulation, the flow field characteristics and the efficiency of flow rate acceleration were calculated. The results showed that the flow rate was increased by 2%-6% compared with the cases in straight pipes, and the maximum value was over 12%. The acceleration was achieved when the input pressure of liquid was low. Flow acceleration was strengthened before it was weakened with the increase of gas pressure. The modulation of flow rate by gas pressure was limited for the liquid phase of high pressure. Flow rate accelerations were observed when the meniscus at the micropore was in symmetric shape with small curvature. However, the most prominent acceleration of the flow rate could be observed even when the meniscus was in asymmetric shape. By comparing the patterns of liquid-gas interface, the conditions for steady interface and flow rate acceleration were analyzed.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 183-187 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3101KB] ( 296 )
188 Effect of natural river sand and artificial filter layer on water outflow from permeation pipe
HUANG Haitao,LIU Huanfang*,JIN Jin,LIU Shuangxi,LIU Yao
To explore the influence of natural riverbed sand thickness on water yield of permeation pipe and the interaction between natural riverbed sand and artificial filter layer. Through physical model test, three kinds of natural river bed sand thickness, three kinds of inflow discharge and different water depth were set up to observe the permeation seepage pipe effluent under different conditions. According to the test results, the regression analysis was carried out. The error between the calculated water yield and the experimental value is less than ±5%, the absolute value of average error is only 0.19%, which is more accurate than the previous reference value algorithm. The change of water yield is related to the permeability coefficient of natural riverbed sand and artificial filter layer. When the permeability coefficient of natural riverbed sand is less than the minimum permeability coefficient of artificial filter layer, the water discharge from seepage pipe increases with the days. However, the thickness of riverbed sand decreases with the increase of the thickness of natural riverbed sand, on the contrary, it increases with the increase of the thickness of natural riverbed sand. The influence of permeability coefficient of filter layer on the discharge of seepage pipe is greater than that of head height. The method of regression equation improves the accuracy of permeation pipe outflow calculation, which can be used as guidance for practical engineering. In the design of permeation pipe intake project, the interaction between natural riverbed sand and artificial filter layer should be considered, and artificial filter layer should be selected reasonably according to the permeability coefficient and thickness of natural riverbed sand.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 188-193 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1395KB] ( 355 )
194 Evapotranspiration characteristic and water saving potential of Chinese cabbage under mulched drip irrigation in cold regions
ZHOU Li,YE Shuigen*,XU Feipeng,LI Yunkai,CEN Jiantao
To explore the evapotranspiration characteristic and water saving potential of Chinese cabbage under mulch drip irrigation,a research was conducted in the Irrigation Pilot Station of Zhangjiakou using the large-scale weighing lysimeter. Irrigation was applied when the soil moisture content reached its designed lower limit of irrigation. The evapotranspiration characteristic of Chinese cabbage, the soil evaporation between cabbages, and water saving potential under mulched drip irrigation were studied by comparation with drip irrigation without mulch and border irrigation. The results reveal that the evapotranspiration of Chinese cabbage under mulched drip irrigation is 214.76 mm which includes 14.76 mm at the seedling stage,73.56 mm at the rosette stage and 126.44 mm at the heading stage. The transpiration intensity during the whole growing period of Chinese cabbage is 3.64 mm/d.During the growing period of the Chinese cabbage, the soil evaporation is 41.1 mm which takes 19.14 percent of the whole water resumed. Compared to the drip irrigation without mulch and border irrigation, the resumes of water under mulched drip irrigation are decreased by 14.25 mm and 94.17 mm,the soil evaporation between Chinese cabbages is close to that of the border irrigation but 16.18mm less than that of drip irrigation without mulch, however, its yield,IWUE and WUE can arrive at 80 439.75 kg/hm2,350.24 kg/(hm2·mm)and 374.56 kg/(hm2·mm)respectively,that is, 11 152.65 kg/hm2,18.89 kg/(hm2·mm), 72.54 kg/(hm2·mm)higher than those of the drip irrigation without mulch and 14.7 kg/hm2,134.11 kg/(hm2·mm)and 114.23 kg/(hm2·mm)higher than those of the border irrigation.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 194-199 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1227KB] ( 339 )
200 Effects of soil bulk density on vertical migration of soil water and nitrogen
LIU Le,FEI Liangjun*,ZENG Jian,CHEN Lin,FU Yuliang,ZHONG Yun
To study the difference of vertical one-dimensional infiltration migration characteristics of soil water and nitrate-nitrogen in red soil and loess under various soil bulk densities, and to improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency in red soil and loess area, the Jiangxi loam clay and the Xi′an silty loam were taken as the study objects. The vertical one-dimensional infiltration mode was used to simulate the effect of soil bulk density on the vertical movement of water and nitrate-nitrogen in the two soils. The results showed that the wetting front migration distance and infiltration rate of the Jiangxi loam clay and the Xi′an silty loam were both negatively correlated with soil bulk density. Whether at the end of irrigation or after the redistribution of 1 day, the moisture content of the two soils was negatively correlated with soil bulk density, and the moisture content of the Xi′an silty loam was slightly larger than that of the Jiangxi loam clay. The greater the soil bulk density was, the more the nitrate-nitrogen was concentrated in the deep soil and the higher its peak value. In the redistribution process, the peak value decreased, and that of the bulk density of 1.25, 1.35 and 1.40 g/cm3 decreased greatly. At the end of irrigation, soil bulk density had a significant effect on the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in the 40-50 cm soil layer(P<0.05). After the redistribution of 1 day, there was little difference between the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer of the two soils, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in 30-60 cm soil layer was higher, but the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in Xi′an silty loam soil was higher. Therefore, the nitrate-nitrogen of the Jiangxi loam clay more ea-sily leaches, while soil moisture and fertility retention properties of the Xi′an silty loam are better.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 200-205 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1291KB] ( 357 )
206 Quantification of soil wetting volume development under surface drip irrigation using artificial neural networks
CHEN Shuai,MAO Xiaomin*
Based on the Richard equation of water movement in unsaturated soil and the characteristics of soil water movement with drip irrigation from single point source, the HYDRUS-2D/3D model was used to numerically simulate the soil wetting pattern under different dripper discharges(1, 2, 3 L/h)in 33 kinds of soil textures(seperately belonging to 11 kinds of soil types in USST). Based on the si-mulated results of the soil wetting volume development under different dripper discharges and soil textures, and using irrigation amount and the ratio of soil saturated water conductivity and dripper discharge as the input variables, the artificial neural network was built for predicting the soil wetting volume development under different soil textures and dripper discharges. This artificial neural network, with less input variables and more maneuverable, simulated the infiltration processes which were consistent with the actual infiltration processes, and the correlation coefficient(R2)is over 0.82. Therefore, the developed model can achieve good effect in predicting the migration of soil water for different kinds of soil textures compared with the experimental data.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 206-211 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1475KB] ( 318 )
212 Estimation of evapotranspiration of winter wheat under deficient irrigation based on SIMDualKc model
ZHENG Zhen,WANG Zikai,CAI Huanjie,*
In order to estimate the evapotranspiration(ET), crop transpiration of winter wheat and soil evaporation in semiarid areas in Northwest China, a 2-year controlled irrigation experiment was conducted in the winter wheat field to calibrate and evaluate the SIMDualKc model for ET estimation in semiarid regions. Evapotranspiration was observed by a large-scale weighing lysimeter or calculated by water balance approach, the observed evapotranspiration with the simulated ones was compared. The results showed that the SIMDualKc model could accurately simulate the evapotranspiration of winter wheat under different irrigation treatments in Northwest China. The average absolute error was 0.6433mm/d. The simulated value of basal crop coefficient for winter wheat at the initial-, mid-, and late-season growth stages was 0.35, 1.3 and 0.2, respectively. In addition, the model could simulate the soil water stress, soil evaporation and crop transpiration accurately. During the whole winter wheat growing season, the soil evaporation mainly occurred in the early growth stage, decreased in midseason and slightly increased in late season.
2020 Vol. 38 (2): 212-216 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1358KB] ( 330 )
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