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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2019 Vol.37 Issue.12
Published 2019-12-25
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2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1- [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1780KB] ( 361 )
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2019 Vol. 37 (12): 2- [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 288KB] ( 345 )
1013 Experiment and analysis for effects of impeller back vanes on axial thrust of centrifugal pump
LIU Zailun,CHEN Taoli*,LU Weiqiang
In order to study the influence of impeller back vanes on axial thrust of centrifugal pump, the IS80-50-315 type centrifugal pump after the speed reduction was taken as the research object. By changing the width and number of the back blades, a total of 13 impeller back blade solutions were designed. The influence law of back blade width and number on pump performance, liquid pressure and axial force in pump cavity was obtained. The results show that when the number of back blades is constant, the head and shaft power of the test pump increase with the increase of back blade width, and the efficiency of the pump decreases gradually. The direction of axial thrust will change when the width and number of back vanes increase to a certain value, which will affect the stability of the whole machine operation. From the angle of balance axial thrust, the number of back vanes Z=5 and the width of back vanes t=3.5 mm are the best values, while the direction of axial thrust of centrifugal pump is normal, and the variation is small. Under the three numbers of blade, comparing the curves between the gap δ of the pump cover with the axial force coefficient cF, the smaller the gap δ, the more pronounced the effect of axial force. The present results provide a theoretical basis for the design of the back blade in engineering practice.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1013-1018 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3482KB] ( 367 )
1019 Influence of optimization of impeller partial geometric parameters on coast- down performance of nuclear reactor coolant pump and its optimization
QIU Weifeng*,ZHU Rongsheng,WANG Xiuli,ZHONG WeiYuan,CAI Zheng
In order to investigate the influence of impeller import edge position, number of impeller blades and impeller wrap angle on coast-down performance of the nuclear reactor coolant pump, the dynamic simulation model of the the pump cost-down process of the nuclear reactor coolant pump model through the modeling method was established based on the characteristics of the pump. After the test was verified, the correct simulation program was finally established. Then by defining the head and torque curve simulation under different geometric parameters, the idle performance curve of the core pump was obtained under different conditions, and the better design situation was obtained.The results show that the effect of coast-down performance is mainly reflected in the nonlinear idle transition of the coast-down transition process. The larger the wrap angle, the better the coast-down performance of the pump, The smaller the number of impeller blades in a certain range, the better the coast-down perfor-mance. As the inlet side of the impeller extends forward, the corresponding pump has better coast-down performance: the 120° wrap angle and the inlet side position are selected as the b plan, and the number of impeller blades is 5. The optimized nuclear reactor coolant pump idle flow curve reaches the half flow time 0.07T or 0.91 s later than the corresponding curve before optimization. When the pump keeps other design parameters unchanged, but only geometric parameter is changed to optimize the coast-down performance, the lower the power curve corresponding to it, the better its coast-down performance.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1019-1024 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5216KB] ( 430 )
1025 PIV measurements and CFD computations of internal flow characteristics of rotational flow self-priming pump
LIU Keke*,WANG Chunlin,FENG Yiming,HU Beibei
The present study shows the internal flow fields of a rotational flow self-priming pump under three test conditions by using the two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements and the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code CFX. The velocity fields of the special volute are analyzed in detail. The detailed flow analysis shows that the special volute contributes to the self-priming characteristic. The diversion wall and the outlet of the impeller constitute a ″nozzle″ and ″diffuser″ which promote the formation of gas-liquid mixture and the bubble flow. The streamwise vorticity and the ma-ximum swirl velocity as well as the uniformity of the flow are increased through the ″nozzle″. An exchange of momentum occurs between the liquid and gas in passage 1. The gas is compressed and dispersed into bubbles of different sizes and water is dispersed into droplets, and the gas-liquid mixture is formed. The gas is further compressed through the ″diffuser″. Large bubbles break up into countless tiny bubbles, while droplets are aggregated into liquid, forming bubble flow. Two swirls of different sizes and directions are formed in the gas-liquid separation chamber, which make the gas and liquid separated due to the centrifugal force. The gas flows to the center and exits from the outlet pipe. The separated liquid moves downward and comes into collision with the boss structure. The collision makes the gas bubbles entrained with the liquid separated again. The liquid flows back and once again participates in the above processes until all the air has been evacuated from the suction line.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1025-1030 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6419KB] ( 385 )
1031 Calculation method and experimental study on roughness coefficient of mold bag concrete composite section channel
HUO Yizhen.,LI Gang,HE Wuquan,*,ZHAI Donghan,Guo Yanfen.
At present, the roughness coefficient of mold bag concrete composite section lining channel is still determined based on empirical equation. Focusing on this problem both Z-method and channel shear stress formula were adopted to propose an equation which can be used to determine the roughness coefficient of composite section channel which has mold bag concrete slope and sand gravel bed. In order to verify the rationality of the equation, the prototype observation tests of two different channel sections were carried out in Hetao irrigation district. The results show that at different water depths and diffe-rent flow, the roughness coefficient of mold bag concrete composite cross-section lining channel lies between 0.0245 and 0.0265. The maximum relative error between the calculated value deduced from the equation and the expe-rimental value is 6.87%. It implies that the roughness coefficient calculation equation has high computational accuracy, which can meet the requirements of practical engineering application.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1031-1036 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1006KB] ( 373 )
1037 Spatial differences of water resources carrying capacity in Yulin City
HAO Xiaoyu,ZHANG Xin*,YONG Zhiqin
Taking Yulin City as the study object were selected 19 evaluation indexes that were weighted by component analysis and entropy method, divided the comprehensive index system into four subsystems of water resources, society, economy and ecology, and constructed the fuzzy comprehensive eva-luation model. There by the water resources carrying capacity of all counties and districts in Yulin in 2015 was evaluated comprehensively. The evaluation results show that the water resources carrying capacity of all counties and districts in Yulin City is between 0.4 and 0.6 in 2015, and Fugu and Shenmu are in ideal load bearing areas. Yuyang, Jingbian and Dingbian are in water resources bearing areas, indicating that supply and demand of water resources have basically reached a stable level. Hengshan County is in a slightly overloaded area of water resources. Suide, Mizhi, Jiaxian, Wubao, Qingjian and Zizhou belong to severe overloading areas of water resources. The results of cluster analysis are basically consistent with those of comprehensive evaluation. Overall, the water resources carrying capacity of the six southern counties is generally worse than that of the six northern counties. As far as the subsystems are concerned, the spatial difference between economic subsystem and ecological subsystem is obvious. The evaluation results will provide reference for the plan of future and the sustainable deve-lopment and utilization of water resources in all counties in Yulin City.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1037-1043 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1963KB] ( 415 )
1044 Influence of adjuvant on Large-scale Plant Protection UAV spray characteristics
WANG Junfeng,LUO Botao,HUO Yuanping,WANG Xiaoying,XU Wenbin
In order to improve the uniformity of spray distribution, droplet anti-drift and evaporation resistance of Large-scale Plant Protection unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), 5 kinds of spray adjuvant were added to study the deposition and drift of droplet distribution in FR-200 fuel powered UAV. The wind speed and temperature of the FR-200 fuel powered UAV under different working conditions were measured by hot wireanemometer.The image processing software DepositScan was used to analyze the droplet deposition parameters to obtain the distribution of droplet deposition.The results show that when the Large-scale Plant Protection was added with spray adjuvant for application, it can increase the de-position concentration within the target area. The lower the surface tension of the solution, the more uniform the droplet deposition distribution. Under the lateral wind, when the Plant Protection UAV does not use adjuvant, the drift phenomenon is very obvious. After adding 5 kinds of spray adjuvant, the fog drift resistance can be obviously improved. By analyzing the influence of different temperatures on the droplet deposition, it is found that when the temperature rises, the agent can increase the deposition concentration of spray droplets of the large-scale plant protection UAV, indicating that the additive can improve the evaporation resistance of the droplet.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1044-1049 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4354KB] ( 430 )
1050 Modal analysis of umbrella wind turbine under different shrinkage angles
BAO Daorina*,WANG Xiaoxue,SHANG Wei,GUO Xiaodong,WANG Shuailong
In order to truly reflect the vibration of umbrella wind turbines at different wind speeds and different shrinkage angles(0°,30°,45°,60°), the prestressed modal analysis of the 5kW umbrella wind turbine is carried out with the help of the Modal module in the ANSYS platform. Taking the aerodynamic force, centrifugal force and gravity as the boundary conditions, were the first six modality changes and the corresponding deformations of the umbrella wind turbine simulated and calculated. In the case of constant wind speed and constant revolving speed, the natural frequency of the first-order modality with the angle of contraction changes regulation is studied. The analysis results show that the relative difference between the natural frequency of the umbrella wind turbines and the operating frequency of wind turbines and the three times operating frequency of wind turbines are 57.2% and -90.5% respectively, which can completely avoid resonance and its design is reasonable.With the increase of the shrinkage angle, the natural frequency of the first-order decreases and the influence of the rotating speed on the natural frequency of the first order is greater than that of the wind speed. The shimmy is the main form of vibration in the low frequency region. The flapping and torsional vibrations are mostly in the high frequency region. The first six modes of the wind turbine change smoothly with the increase of the wind speed, but the increase rate with the increase of the rotational speed is ob-vious, and the centrifugal force ratio against aerodynamic forces has a greater impact on the dynamic frequency of wind turbines.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1050-1055 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2738KB] ( 411 )
1056 Power test system of 1.5 kW wind turbine
HE Lingli,*,AN Qi,WANG Jianwen,ZHANG Liru,XIE Yan
The installation environment of wind turbine was tested by using lidar wind meter, and the power test platform of small wind generator was designed and built for field test. The collected wind environment data were analyzed and the wind environment of the test site was evaluated. By monitoring the operating state of off-grid wind power generator in the field, the actual output power, and the wind speed and wind direction data were measured synchronously, and the actual wind speed-power curve of wind turbine was fitted by the least square method. The results show that the laser radar wind meter can provide a selection basis for the installation of the wind turbine, and the prediction of the output power of the wind turbine in the high wind speed region by using the theoretical curve of wind speed and po-wer will cause great errors. Using lidar to monitor the wind environment can select the direction and height of wind turbine installation. It is more accurate to predict the output power of wind turbine by using the sixth degree polynomial curve fitted by the least square method. The actual measurement data obtained in this paper can provide a reference for the field test of wind turbine.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1056-1060 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 11271KB] ( 396 )
1061 Experimental investigation of vibration on a hydraulic retarder
ZHAO Yuqi,DONG Liang*,LIU Houlin,DAI Cui,XIAO Jiawei
In order to study the influence of liquid-filling ratio, rotating speed and blade tilt angle on external characteristics of hydraulic retarder, the noise and vibration experimental system was established by using INV3020 data collection instrument, which realized the synchronous collection of vibration signal. By using 75°and 90° blade tilt angles of impeller in hydraulic retarder, we adjusted the li-quid-filling ratio from 50% to 100% and the frequency converter to stabilize the rotating speed varing from 800 r/min to 1 200 r/min. The results show that the performance of vibration increases with the liquid-filling ratio and the rotating speed increasing, the cavitation occurs in advance with the decrease of blade tilt angle, which can cause the vibration to increase sharply. The acting force produced by liquid flow from pump wheel to worm wheel in hydralic retarder is dominated by mainly axial impact, which makes serious vibration at axial measure point, which is more serious than that at other measure points.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1061-1066 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4343KB] ( 417 )
1067 Study of skin frictions based on SPH-FEM finger model
CHEN Si,QIAO Xiaoqi,LI Tianbo,WANG Hao,YANG Jianan,WANG Dongqing*
A finger modeling method based on finite element and smooth particle dynamics coupling algorithm(SPH-FEM)is proposed while optimizing the adaptability of the model under large and extreme deformation, to solve the problem that the traditional Lagrange FEM finger-modeling has great deviation for large deformation. and the solid-fluid biphasic behavior of subcutaneous tissue. In addition, due to the ″meshless″ property of the SPH-FEMmethod itself, it hasa natural advantage onthe simulation of the skin tissue exhibiting fluid-solid biphasic propertiesover the traditional finite element method(FEM). SPH-FEM finger model was established. The spike penetration simulation experiment and the plate friction simulation experiment were carried out to investigate the stress and strain of skin. In addition, in order to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the SPH-FEM finger modeling me-thod, it was compared with the FEM finger model. The resultsshow that the SPH-FEM finger model isconsistent with the traditional FEM method in the overall deformation,and the response speed is significantly higher than that of the FEM finger model when dealing with large deformation, but there is a certain hysteresis; the accuracy of the SPH-FEM finger model in small deformation is slightly insufficient.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1067-1071 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4636KB] ( 397 )
1072 Mechanical model and application of frost heave damage of mold-bag-concrete lining channel
LIU Qian,SHEN Xiangdong*,XUE Huijun,LIU Yusuo
In order to explore the mechanical model of frost heave damage of trapezoidal lining channel of mold-bag-concrete in the cold area, through summarizing the frost heave damage form of the concrete trapezoidal lining channel in the cold area, analyzing the mechanism of frost heave damage of the structure,and combining with a large number of field tests, the cold mold-bag-concrete lining channel stress problem was studied. On this basis, through reasonable assumptions and simplification of lining channels,the mechanical model of frost heave damage of the mold-bag-concrete trapezoidal lining channel was proposed,the expression of internal force of the mold-bag-concrete slab under cavitation was deduced,and the judgment criterion of the mold-bag-concrete lining structure suffered from the frost heave damage was summarized. The maximum normal frost heave force and tangential force was determined with the related standard,which could solve the internal stress of the mold-bag-concrete panels, and the thickness of mold-bag-concrete was checked,providing a theoretical basis for the future engineering design. In the actual project, the mold-bag-concrete lining structure was prone to breakage and damage under cavitation,and the cavitation should be avoided in the mold-bag-concrete lining structure.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1072-1076 [Abstract] ( 34 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1690KB] ( 373 )
1077 Forecast ofreference crop evapotranspiration based on public weather forecast
JIANG Xianqun,CHEN Wufen*,SHAO Jinlong
For Penman Monteith formula application limitations, the use of public weather forecast measurable factors and historical meteorological data calculate ET0 as a benchmark for Guangzhou station 2017-01-01—2019-03-31 wind condition after a quantitative forecast of meteorological information in 2017, and 2018 meteorological forecast information as input factors, ET0 as output factors, respectively based on regression support vector machines(SVR)forecasting model and BP neural network prediction model, select has a better performance forecast model to forecast of 2019 years of ET0 and compared with calculated value analysis. Results show that the regression support vector machines reference crop evapotranspiration forecasting model test set mean square error is 0.206, deterministic coefficient is 0.896, the amount of BP neural network reference crop evapotranspiration forecasting model test set mean square error is 0.305, deterministic coefficient is 0.851, the SVR amount of refe-rence crop evapotranspiration forecasting model is obviously better than the mean square error and the correlation factor to the BP neural network; The correlation coefficient between the predicted value based on the SVR model and the calculated value based on the PM formula is 0.761, showing no significant difference, but showing significant correlation and overall coincidence, which can provide relatively accurate ET0 forecast data for irrigation forecasting and decision-making.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1077-1081 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1911KB] ( 410 )
1082 Infiltration characteristics under intermittent combined irrigation in moderately saline-alkali soil
LIU Xiaoyuan,YANG Daming,GAO Peiling,*,ZhANG Qingwen,ZHAO Yadong,ZHANG Yuhang
In order to reveal the infiltration mechanism of intermittent combined irrigation, one-dimension vertical water infiltration experiments were conducted using a vertical soil column. The laboratory experiment comprised four intermittent times: 0 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min, with two combination sequences of F-B and B-F. Based on the measured data，the applicability of three infiltration models to predict and evaluate infiltration characteristics under intermittent combined irrigation in moderately saline-alkali soil was explored. The results show that the sequence of cumulative infiltration is intermittent combined irrigation (0 min)>intermittent combined irrigation (30 min)>intermittent combined irrigation (60 min)>intermittent combined irrigation (120 min) at the same infiltration time. Besides, significant difference exists in the cumulative infiltration with time. For the laboratory conditions used, the uniform and efficient intermittent combined irrigation could be achieved by considering the irrigation in two stages, the initial and steady infiltration stages. The results of simulation model indicate that the Kostiakov model can more acclrately describe the soil infiltration characteristics, compared with the Green-Ampt model and the Philip model. However, the Kostiakov model shows lower predictive power in F-B, which indicates that the combination sequences between fresh water and brackish water has a great influence on fitting precision
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1082-1087 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3455KB] ( 388 )
1088 Experimental study on effect of cyclic stress history on dynamic deformation of rockfill materials
ZHANG Lingkai,TANG Xinjun*,WANG Jianxiang
In order to study the influence of cyclic stress history on the deformation characteristics of rockfill materials, a series of tests were performed on rockfill materials under different stress paths by using the triaxial apparatus. The research is focused on the influence of the cyclic stress history on vo-lumetric strain and deviatoric strain. The experimental results show that the deformation is reduced after the cyclic stress history, which means that the ability to resist the deformation of rockfill materials is improved. Through the analysis and comparisons of the deformation of rockfill materials, the stress paths have less influence on the amplitude of resistance to deformation, and the influence of the confining pressure, the stress ratio and the magnitude of the dynamic stress can also be ignored in the experiment. The resistance to deformation is mainly related to the ratio of the two dynamic stresses(the historical coefficient of cyclic stress). The reason is that the rockfill particle is relatively sliding, rotating and breaking under the effect of cyclic stress history, which leads to the fact that the contact area increases, the bite ability strengthens, and the particles form the relatively stable skeleton structure. When the cyclic loads are applied again, the stability of the structure has difficulty in adjusting, so that the deformation of rockfill materials is reduced, and the ability to resist the deformation is increased.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1088-1092 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1435KB] ( 345 )
1093 Experimental study on mechanical properties of red Pisha-Sandstone Cement Soil under wetting-drying cycles
WU Shangyun,LI Xiaoli*,CHANG Ping,ZHANG Ying,GUO Luomin
In order to solve the problem of breaking loose and reducing strength of Pisha-sandstone in case of water, through simple processing, to achieve the effective use of the Pisha-sandstone, reduce the cost of governance, by adding different amounts of silicate cement form red Pisha-Sandstone and name Pisha-Sandstone Cement Soil,experiment on wetting-drying cycle, and unconfined compressive strength, and microstructure observation of hyperdepth at different ages of Pisha-Sandstone Cement Soil was made.The results show that: only 5% dosage Pisha-Sandstone Cement Soil can effectively improve the Pisha-sandstone water collapsibility. The 5times wetting-drying cycle Pisha-Sandstone Cement Soil reaches the maximum compressive strength, then it tends to be gentle. The wetting-drying cycle has damaging effects on non-cement Pisha-sandstone. It provides effective curing for Pisha-Sandstone Cement Soil. Whether at early strength or at late strength,the compressive strength of 5% is the lowest and then gradually increased. The strength of 20% and above is almost equal and maximum. It can be seen that the optimum cement content is 20%. By observing the microstructure, feldsparthic Pisha-Sandstone Cement Soil, with the increase of age, and small admixture has uneven surface fluctuation, and holes. The feldsparthic Pisha-Sandstone Cement Soil structure of the aptimas dosage of 20% is wholly close,smooth, with surface,less holes,better compactness,and the compressive strength can reach the strength requirement of bricks and blocks.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1093-1099 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7228KB] ( 419 )
1100 Experimental study on calculation method of local head loss in thin-wall drip irrigation pipes with non-coaxial emitters
WANG Jian*,WEI Tao,YANG Ting,YUAN Shouqi
The local head loss of non-coaxial emitters in five thin-wall drip irrigation pipes with standard diameter of 16 mm was studied by conducting hydrodynamic experiment. The variation of the ratio of local head loss to friction head loss along the drip irrigation pipe, hjt/hf, and the local head loss coefficient α, were analyzed. The results show that under the same working pressure, the equivalent diameter of drip irrigation pipe decreases with the increase of wall thickness, resulting in the increase of friction head loss and local head loss along the drip irrigation pipe. The local head loss is related to wall thickness, emitter cross section area and Reynolds number. With the increase of Reynolds number, the ratio of local head loss to friction head loss along the drip irrigation pipe(hjt/hf,)decreases. The minimum value reaches 0.67, but it still exceeds the design standard of Chinas technical specification for micro-irrigation engineering(0.1-0.2). Based on the multiple regression analysis of the test data, the relationship between the local head loss coefficient and the contraction ratio of cross section and Rey-nolds number is proposed, and the correlation coefficient is 0.96.
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1100-1104 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1074KB] ( 434 )
1200
2019 Vol. 37 (12): 1200- [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 709KB] ( 410 )
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