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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2019 Vol.37 Issue.11
Published 2019-11-25

article
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2019 Vol. 37 (11): 1- [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1735KB] ( 315 )
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2019 Vol. 37 (11): 2- [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 255KB] ( 303 )
921 Surrogate model-based optimization design of hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump at multi-operational point
XU Shengli*, ZHONG Shaowei, ZHAO Haixin, XU Gang
A method for optimizing the hydraulic performance of a mixed-flow pump at multi-operational point was proposed based on surrogate model in this paper to improve the performance under off-design conditions and broaden the flow rate range with a higher efficiency. The initial design of the pump was the hydraulic design made under the design condition, and the initial computational models of the impeller and vaned diffuser were established by parameterrizing their meridional shape and blade angle profile. The poorest efficiency under the part-load, design and over-load conditions was used as the objective function to be maximized and the head at the design point is employed as a constraint. Surrogate models between performance and geometrical variables were generated by using response surface method, and the best combination of these variables was obtained by using CORS-RBF optimization algorithm. According to characteristics of flow in the pump, a two-step optimizationstrategy was proposed, in which the meridional shape and blade angle profile are optimized sequentially to overcome the problem in the whole pump design arose from a large number of design variables and extensive computational cost required.The optimized results show that the pump hydraulic efficiencies were increased by 2.2%, 0.8% and 0.7% under 0.8Qd,1.0Qd and 1.2Qd working conditions, respectively. Additionally, the head satisfies the constraint imposed but also slightly improved. The flow rate range with better pump efficiency is significantly wider in the optimal pump than in the initial design. The relative velocity distribution in the optimal pump is more uniform, showing an obviously optimized effect.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 921-928 [Abstract] ( 70 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2636KB] ( 310 )
929 Influence of geometrical parameters of vibration damping raft on vibration characteristics of a marine centrifugal pump
WANG Xinhai, LI Yu, LIU Houlin*, WANG Kai,, WANG Shuhong, WANG Yue
A vertical marine centrifugal pump was selected as research object for a better understanding of influence of geometrical parameters of a vibration damping raft on performance of the pump. An approximate model of pump vibration characteristic and raft mass was established based on the Kriging model in terms of front cavity length l1, width w1, thickness t1, lateral cavity length l2, width w2, thickness t2. Twelve numerical experimental designs were generated by using the Latin Hypercube method and the vibration characteristics of two rafts respectively with the lightest mass and the minimal vibration intensity were analyzed. The results show that l1 and t2 affect the mass of raft most significantly. With the increase of l1, the mass of raft decreases first and then rises. With the increase of t2, the mass of raft increases first and then two peaks appear. t2 shows a slight effect on the vibration intensity. The vibration intensity of raft all decreases first and then increases with increa-sing l1, w1, t1, l2 and w2. The vibration attenuation with the lightest mass and the minimal vibration intensity are significantly improved, as a result, the vibration attenuation increases to 22.6 dB and 21.8 dB, respe-ctively, from 14.2 dB.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 929-935 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 26734KB] ( 371 )
941 Numerical simulations of solid-liquid two-phase flows in centrifugal pump as turbine
JIA Junrui,,ZOU Lei,HUANG Jun*,SHEN Yong
Numerical simulations were performed on a centrifugal pumpas turbine(PAT)with a specific speed of 82 in ANSYS CFX to investigate characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow within the PAT. Nine cases were simulated in terms of particle sizes of 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm and solid vo-lume fractions of 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively, by using the Euler-Lagrange model to clarify effects of solid particles on PAT operations. The results show that solid particles are mainly distributed in the blade suction side near the leading edge and the shroud wall as well as in the top wall of cross-sections in the volute.At aconstant particle volume fraction, with increasing particle diameter, the solid volume fraction on the blade surfacesis increased and many particles are accumulated on the blade su-ction side. Under the circumstance, the head and power of the PAT get large and the efficiency is decreased to some degree. At a constant particle diameter, with the increase of solid particle volume fra-ction, solid particles in the impeller passages tend to migrate towards the impellerhub, and the accumulation area is expanded. In such a case, the PAT head and power is increased but the efficiency varies a little. The study has expanded design method of hydraulic turbine, and can provide a reference for design of PAT.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 941-946 [Abstract] ( 61 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4159KB] ( 302 )
947 Orthogonal optimization of flow uniformity at exit section of elbow-inlet passages
YAN Hao, CHEN Liang*, CHAI Liping, ZHANG Yu, LI Qiang, SHI Haixia
Elbow-inlet passage is widely used in large drainage pumping stations. Flow uniformity at the exit section directly determines its hydraulic performance. Flow uniformity must be optimized to improve the operational efficiency of the large axial-flow pumping station. This study used modeling and numerical simulation to investigate the elbow-inlet passage, and the accuracy of the calculation results was verified. The key geometric parameters affecting the uniformity of the flow were optimized by the orthogonal experiment design. The optimal schemes were obtained and compared with the original scheme. Results showed that flow uniformity Vu after optimization was 95.41%, which was increased by 1.04%. The pumping station efficiency was increased by 1.89%, thereby confirming the applicability and accuracy of the proposed scheme, especially for the optimization of flow uniformity of the exit section of the elbow-inlet passage.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 947-952 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2510KB] ( 287 )
953 Study on characteristics of rotational speed and installation position of submerged propellers in oxidation ditch by CFD
ZHEN Yuan*, LI Chengyi, ZHANG Fulin
At present, oxidation ditches in wastewater treatment plants are associated with problems such as too low fluid velocity and sludge deposition. A three-dimensional oxidation ditch model with submerged propellers was built based on the existing drawing of the oxidation ditch in the Qinhuangdao Wastewater Treatment Plant and the fluid domains were meshed with unstructured-tetrahedral cells. Based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the standard k-ε turbulence model, the SIMPLE algorithm was used to simulate water flows in the oxidation ditch. The power of the propellers and velocity distribution in several cross-sections were calculated at different rotational speeds. Also, the dead water zone ratio and number of vortices were analysed. The results show that the optimal rotational speed of the propellers can be decided under the condition that the power of two propellers can provide the mechanical energy required by the oxidation ditch without exceeding the motor rated power. When the pool structure remains unchanged, altering submerged propeller installation position can improve fluid velocity distribution and reduce sludge deposition in the oxidation ditch effectively. For the vortex at the entrance, it can be improved by changing the inflow angle. The study outcomes in the paper have provided theoretical guidance for propeller rotational speed selection and installation position determination.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 953-960 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2988KB] ( 301 )
960 Effects of valve body clearance on valve performance and internal flow field distribution
MA Guangfei,,,*, JI Jiankang, YAO Dan, JIANG Chao, FANG Yong
Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow in a ball valve-pipe channel model with and without clearance are carried out based on the finite volume method and standard k-ε turbulence model to study effects of ball body clearance on hydraulic performance and internal flow characteristics of ball valve. The results show that the flow coefficient, resistance coefficient, pressure reco-very coefficient and cavitation coefficient of ball valve are relevant to ball body clearance. Specially, these coefficients all vary significantly with valve opening angle as it is over 40-50°. This is because there is a large local pressure zone and two symmetrical, separated vortices downstream of the ball body. The ball body clearance influences the distributions of pressure, velocity and vortex downstream of the valve but also makes the flow pattern even more complicated. Moreover, the valve opening angle has a certain influence on the pressure distribution in a cross-section of the valve. In consequence, for accurately predicting the hydraulic performance of a ball valve the clearance should not be ignored by simplification treatment, instead the influence of the clearance on the performance and internal flow field must be taken into account.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 960-966 [Abstract] ( 62 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8321KB] ( 334 )
967 Design optimization of large indoor cooling system in edible mushroom cultivating plants
LI Li,LI Hong*,ZHAO Ruijie,XIANG Qingjiang
A better understanding of distribution uniformity of ambient temperature in an edible mushroom cultivating plant is necessary to improve mushroom yield and expand scale of mushroom production. An edible flammulina cultivating plant was Shanghai is selected as study object, its three-dimensional geometrical model was built and steady CFD heat transfer simulations were performed accordingly. The effectiveness and feasibility of these simulations were proved by comparing the simulated results with the experimental data. Four designs were proposed, and the optimal one was decided by comparing their simulation results. It was shown that about 1oC difference in ambient temperature predicted from the experimental observations is found at 0.1m, 1.8m and 3.5m elevations, suggesting basic agreement between simulation and experiment. Design 1 is mostly favorable to improvement in both air velocity distribution and ambient temperature uniformity, however, the nozzle devices installed in it can consume extra power, thus energy saving purpose is not achieved eventually. The results in the paper can provide guidance for production operation of edible mushroom cultivating plant and have significance in increasing the yield of edible mushroom.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 967-971 [Abstract] ( 59 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5254KB] ( 316 )
972 Study on transient opening and closing performance of one-way ball valve in oil-gas multiphase reciprocating pump
ZHANG He*, ZHANG Huajun, ZHANG Shengchang
The transient opening and closing processes and reciprocating motion characteristics of the one-way ball valve in the 3DP-60/3.0 type oil-gas multiphase reciprocating pump were simulated by using user-defined functions(UDF)and dynamic mesh model in Fluent to investigate the influence of different parameters on hysteresis in the processes under variable flow conditions. The opening height-time function of the valve was involved in a UDF and the inlet fluid velocity, static pressure and kinetic energy loss under two limit conditions of opening and closing moments were focused. The influences of inlet flow rate, opening height and gas content on the pressure field and gas-liquid two-phase volumetric fraction distribution in the valve were revealed. Experimental data were compared with simulated results to verify the reliability of numerical simulations. The results show that the pressure drop across the valve rises with increasing inlet flow rate whether under pure liquid or low gas content two-phase flow condition, particularly with a more uniform increment. The inlet pressure difference gradually decreases when the opening height increases to 6 mm from 2 mm, presenting a decreasing trend with the gas content being 80%, 60% and 40%, respectively. When the gas content is reduced to 0%(pure liquid condition)from 20%, the smaller the opening height is, the greater the inlet pressure varies, showing a gradual phase separation on the valve surface and a larger interfacial pressure difference. The decrease of pressure drop across the valve is very significant as the gas content varies from 0% to 90%, especially, the pressure drop decreases steadily with further increasing gas content.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 972-977 [Abstract] ( 70 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2385KB] ( 338 )
978 Soil shrinkage property during soil water characteristic curves being measured by centrifuge method
NIE Kunkun, NIE Weibo*, MA Xiaoyi
Soil water characteristic curves(SWCC)were measured by employing centrifugal method based on the sandy and clay loams in Yangling District of Shaanxi Province in this study. The aim is to study soil shrinking property during the measurement. Three initial bulk densities were set up for the two kinds of soils, and soil shrinking characteristics were clarified in terms of soil hydraulic parameters measured. The test data were best fitted by making used of van Genuchten-Mualem(VG-M)model in two scenarios, i.e. bulk density variation is considered or not, to obtain SWCCs. Two-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to obtain water transport features under furrow irrigation based on the soil hydraulic parameters determined, and the rationality of these parameters was argued according to the indoor experiments conducted. The results show that soil moisture content decreases, but soil bulk density increases gradually with increasing centrifuge speed(soil water suction). As the soil water suction is 7 000 cm, the soil bulk densities of the sandy and clay loams are 1.81 and 1.79 g/cm3, respectively. Based on the soil shrinking characteristics curve, the shrinking process of the sampled soils can be represented by a three-piecewise linear model for different ranges of soil water suction. The residual soil moisture θr and parameter a are larger, but the shape factor n is smaller in the VG-M model when the bulk density variation is considered in comparison with those obtained without variation in the bulk density. The parameters obtained by considering the variation in bulk density were input into software HYDRUS to simulate a two-dimensional furrow irrigation. The simulated results indicated that the averaged errors in the cumulative infiltration and the displacements of wetting front in the horizontal and vertical directions were 5.8%, 3.0%, and 2.6%, respectively, compared with the experimental data. Meanwhile, the accuracy of predictions of the cumulative infiltration and wetting front displacements in terms of the parameters determined by considering the variation in bulk density is better by 39.2%, 57.2%, and 52.9%, respectively, than that without variation in the bulk density. Therefore, the variation of soil bulk density should be considered when a SWCC is measured by using centrifugal method. As a result, the soil hydraulic parameters estimated in this way can significantly improve the accuracy of soil water transport process simulation.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 978-985 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1744KB] ( 335 )
986 Experimental study of pressure head on water migration in soil under moistube-irrigation
FAN Erdong, WANG Xinkun*, XIAO Siqiang, XU Shengrong, ZHU Yanxiang
Characteristics of wet body under moistube-irrigation were clarified experimentally based on clay loam soil in the paper. Three pressure heads(1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m)were used in our experiments to identify infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration, wet body volume and water content distribution cha-racteristics. Additionally, the clogging performance of moistube was addressed by using the water with 1.0 g/L sediment content under these pressures. Results show that the cumulative infiltration of the soil is positively correlated with pressure head but negatively correlated with time. In the muddy water experiment with 0.061-0.100 mm sediment particle diameters, the pressure head is positively correlated with flow rate. In the initial period of the experiment, however, the flow rate under one pressure head differs little from that under another pressure head. Just after 24 hours, the flow rate exhibits a noticeable difference between different pressure heads gradually. This fact suggests that the increase of pressure head can improve the clogging performance of moistube. The wet body is like a cylinder, and wet front advancing radius is positively correlated with pressure head; particularly, a prediction model relating pressure head and wet body volume is established. The wet front diffusion indices in various directions are about 0.42 at various pressure heads. The water content distribution in a wet body is concentric; specially, the content decreases with increasing radius and has its maximum value at 2 mm from the moistube wall. The principal driving forces for water migration in the soil are pressure head and soil potential energy. These outcomes can provide theoretical basis in a scientific manner for moistube-irrigation.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 986-992 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2240KB] ( 307 )
993 Anaerobic degradation of Methyl Orange promoted by modified activated carbon fiber
ZHU Qilong, SUN Kang, FANG Cong, JIANG Xin, PENG Jie, HUANG Tianyin*
Activated carbon fibers(ACF)were prepared by using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide to obtain modified ACF, i.e. ACFmod, then the surface area and surface functional groups of the were characterized. The results showed that the specific surface area and average pore volume of the ACFmod were decreased, but the average pore size was increased, and the surface quinone content was more than the ACF. In the sodium sulfide(Na2S)reductive degradation of methyl orange system, the added carbon materials accelerated the degradation of methyl orange, and ACFmod had the best promoting effect. In the anaerobic sludge degradation system, the carbon materials added accelerated biodegradation of methyl orange, further ACFmod was more favorable than ACF. By operating the UASB reaction system, the methyl orange removal and COD removal rates with added ACFmod were higher than those without ACFmod, especially, the decolorization rate of methyl orange and COD removal rate were greater than 90% and 79%, respectively. This fact suggests that ACFmod has a favorable effect on degradation of methyl orange in the UASB system.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 993-997 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1312KB] ( 304 )
998 Effects of subsoiling tillage on soil physical properties and infiltration characteristics
WANG Wanning, QIANG Xiaoman, LIU Hao, LI Wenxing, SUN Jingsheng*
Subsoiling tillage(PS)is beneficial to improve soil structure and permeable capacity. To explore effects of PS on soil physical properties and soil moisture infiltration characteristics, field experiment was carried out under two conditions, namely subsoiling+PS and conventional tillage(CK), i.e. PS only, then soil bulk density, soil compaction, moisture content, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil infiltration parameters were measured by making use of double-ring and the Aardvark Permeameter Module(APM)in various growth stages of winter wheat in North China Plain. The results showed that the soil bulk density and compaction were decreased in PS treatment by 6.58% and 31.29% and the soil moisture was increased by 12.11% compared to CK in 0-40 cm soil layer in the whole growth period. The soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly increased by 116.65% and 83.69% in subsoiling(20, 40 cm)+PS treatments, but increased by 8.25% subsoiling(60 cm)+PS treatment in comparison with CK treatment. The soil initial, sTab. infiltration and accumulative infiltration rates were well improved by 21.52%, 31.75% and 11.56% before irrigation and by 61.54%, 68.42% and 12.63% after irrigation higher in subsoiling(20, 40 cm)+PS treatments than in CK treatment. The infiltration experiments were compared in terms of four infiltration models. The Kositiakov infiltration model could better fit every set of experimental data with a correlation coefficient between 0.92 and 0.96. The infiltration coefficient a and infiltration index b before and after border irrigation were obtained. The results in the paper has provided a reference for border irrigation simulation and determination of optimal technical parameters of irrigation in different tillage modes.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 998-1004 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1721KB] ( 342 )
1005 Experiment on through-the-earth communication characteristics of soil information acquisition sensor nodes
YU Xiaoqing, ZHANG Zenglin*, CHAI Rui
With deployment of wireless underground sensor network nodes through-the-earth communication tests on soil information acquisition sensor nodes were designed to reveal general characteristics of electromagnetic wave transmission in soil. The electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics of the sensor nodes were studied based on wheat field experiments and computer simulations by using wireless underground sensor network nodes at 433 MHz carrier frequency under various conditions such as different receiving node heights and variable node horizontal distances between transmitting and receiving nodes. A relationship model between received signal strength and packet loss rate was established, and the transmission characteristics of soil information acquisition sensor nodes in four wheat growth stages were put forward. The experiment demonstrated that when the receiving high varies the goodness of fit R2 of effect of receiving node height on RSSI shows a less variation for eight regression models, namely, the maximum R2 of RSSI is 0.998 and the minimum is 0.837; for PLR, the maximum goodness is 0.998, and the minimum is 0.900. As the node horizontal distance changes, the maximum goodness of fit R2 of effect of node horizontal distance on RSSI is 0.958, and the minimum is 0.847; for PLR the maximum goodness is 0.997, while the minimum is 0.941. The result showed that the transmissive characteristics can better predict the received signal intensity under various conditions of through-the-earth communication. The study has provided a technical support to sensor network node deployment and establishment of soil information acquisition system.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 1005-1012 [Abstract] ( 62 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4598KB] ( 343 )
article
936 Pumping effect for rotary lip seal
Based on the microcosmic and macroscopic pumping principle of the rotary shaft lip seal, using the one-dimensional Reynolds equation of hydrodynamics and the oil film thickness expression, the pumping rate equation is deduced on the assumption that the contact pressure distribution of seal lip would be approximately triangular. The influence of installation parameters(contact width, axial force), structure parameters(oil side lip angle, air side lip angle)and operation parameters(rotational speed)on the pumping rate and sealing performance is calculated and analyzed. The results show that the pumping rate of the two oil seal models before and after optimization is greater than zero to meet the sealing requirement. When the axial force is constant, the pumping rate increases with the increase of contact width; when the contact width is unchanged, with the increase of the axial force, the friction torque of oil seal lip increases, the pumping rate gradually decreases and the amplitude of variation is small. For two rotary lip seal models, when the air side lip angle remains unchanged, the pumping rate significantly increases with the increase of oil side lip angle; when the oil lip angle is constant, the pumping rate gradually decreases as the air side lip angle increases. As the rotating speed increases, the dynamic pressure effect of oil seal lip increases, and the pumping rate increases. Compared with the two kinds of oil seals, the optimized oil seal has better pumping effect and sealing performance.
2019 Vol. 37 (11): 936-940 [Abstract] ( 81 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2221KB] ( 350 )
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