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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2019 Vol.37 Issue.1
Published 2019-01-25

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2019 Vol. 37 (1): 0- [Abstract] ( 310 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1147KB] ( 578 )
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2019 Vol. 37 (1): 0- [Abstract] ( 226 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 265KB] ( 509 )
1 Heart valve model with controllable closing volume
HE Zhaoming, LIU Yanfang, JING Teng, ZHANG Guijie, LIU Hongyan, WANG Hao
In order to accurately describe hemodynamics of heart valve and its application in the cardiovascular system, this paper modeled the heart valve as a variable resistor and a current source in parallel and then a constant inductance in series according to electricliquid analogy. The governing equations of the left ventricular circulation were derived. The heart valve model divided the flow into two branches: flow through valve orifice and flow displaced by valve leaflets. The resistance depends on leaflet position and the heart valve closing motion was controlled with specified closing volume. For the mitral valve, Matlab was used to solve these equations to obtain circulation hemodynamics, which reflected the closing and leaking characteristics of the heart valve. The closing and leakage volumes were 3.30 mL and 2.30 mL, respectively, at stroke volume 63.60 mL or the normal cardiac output 4.58 L/min. The closing and leakage volumes were 14.70 mL and 25.40 mL, respectively, at the mitral regurgitation. This model can be used to simulate hemodynamics of the normal and regurgitated heart valve and thus arterial hemodynamics.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 1-6 [Abstract] ( 348 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1883KB] ( 667 )
7 Pressure fluctuation in multistage volute pump when first stage impeller trimmed
SHI Haixia, YANG Yafei, LI Yue, XU Wei
In order to study effects of trimmed double suction impeller on pressure pulsation in a double volute case, the first stage of a multistage volute pump was selected as a study object, steady and unsteady fluid flow simulations in the pump were performed based on the N-S equations, RNG k-ε turbulence model when the first stage double suction impeller was trimmed under different conditions, such as six trimmed quantities and four trimming patterns. Pressure fluctuations in time and frequency domains at monitoring points near the tongue and at the volute outlet point were obtained. The results show that impeller trimmed quantity has a greater influence on the pressure change near the tongue of double volute case, and the pressure variation amplitude is decreased firstly and then increases with increasing trimmed quantity, especially the pressure fluctuation is the smallest when the quantity is 0.98. Some trimming patterns can reduce the pressure fluctuation near the tongue in some degree, the pressure fluctuations under V cut and forward skew cut are smaller than those under the straight cut and backward skew cut, and the change in performance with backward skew cut is little smaller than the straight cut. At the volute outlet point, the pressure fluctuation is decreased with increasing trimmed quantity, but is less affected by the trimming patterns.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 7-12 [Abstract] ( 287 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3304KB] ( 652 )
13 Pressurization performance of different areas within multiphase pump impeller
SHI Guangtai, WANG Zhiwen
In order to improve the performance and enhance the working capability of the impeller within a multiphase pump, the pressurization performance of a multiphase pump impeller was investigated under different flow rates and gas volume fractions with the standard k-ε turbulence model. It is shown that the position with a large pressure difference across blade pressure and suction sides is located in the first half portion of blade from the blade leading edge, especially the closer to the impeller rim the first half portion is, the stronger the pressurization performance is; in the second half portion of blade, the closer to the rim the portion is, the poorer the pressurization performance is. At different flow rates, from the impeller inlet to the outlet, as the flow rate increases, the pressure difference across blade pressure and suction sides decreases gradually. At different gas volume fractions, the higer the gas volume fraction, the greater the effect of gas fraction on the pressurization performance of the impeller; further, with gas volume fraction increasing, the pressure difference drops off faster. These results provide an important theoretical basis to further design for multiphase pump impellers.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 13-17 [Abstract] ( 299 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5241KB] ( 529 )
18 Influence of outlet circulation distribution on hydraulic characteristics of pump inducer
YANG Jingjiang, LIU Chengqiang, CHEN Huilong,SHEN Yuxiang
In order to reduce dependence on empirical parameters during inducer design, in this paper different outlet circulation distributions are introduced to regulate blade angle across blade height. Three inducers with different outlet circulation distributions were designed, and their influence on the inducer performance was studied by numerical calculation. Hydraulic design results show that the circulation distribution can be used as a control variable in inducer design and affects both wrap angle and length of inducer blades directly. The numerical simulation results illustrate that decreasing the circulation near the hub and increasing the circulation near the blade tip can prevent inducer blade angle at the hub from being twisted seriously and improve blade hydraulic efficiency. At the same flow rate, the inducer with quadratic increasing circulation distribution has the highest head which can enhance the centrifugal impellers capability of anticavitation. The comprehensive performance of the inducer with quadratic increasing circulation distribution is the best, while the performance of that with linear increasing circulation distribution is the poorest. The flow field of the inducer with constant circulation distribution is the most stable, but a strong vortex is present near the inlet tip. Accordingly, it is more proper to select the quadratic increasing circulation distribution in inducer hydraulic design.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 18-24 [Abstract] ( 316 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3880KB] ( 549 )
25 Flow field simulation and axial thrust analysis of high temperature and pressure magnetic drive pump
SUN Jingru, QU Xiaoyun, ZHOU Yisong, CAO Ruijia, WANG Kai
To meet the requirement of continuous production of refinery units, quit high requirements are imposed on the shaftsealing of pump, eventually, magnetic drive pump technique is developed for transporting hot oils. Flow filed in a high temperature and pressure magnetic drive pump was simulated numerically by using software ICEM and CFX. Pressure, velocity and streamline distributions were analysed, and the pump characteristic curves of high temperature oil and 20 ℃ water were compared, further axial thrust acting on the pump rotor was estimated to examine the rationality of pump design. The magnetic derive pump can work properly when flow rate is in a range of 1.0Qd -1.6Qd, specially, internal flow lines are smooth, and the pressure distributions on blade suction and pressure sides are even, and no flow separation phenomenon emerges as well. Physical property of the media shows little effect on magnetic pump performance curves so that the pump is applicable for two kinds of media. The axial thrust generated in inner magnetic rotor can be ignored compared with the axial thrust by the other factors. The total axial thrust is decreased with increasing flow rate. The resultant force in the impeller flow passages increases with increasing flow rate, but also the static pressure around the impeller is reduced; hence the total axial thrust is lowered. Hydraulic structure and axial thrust of the magnetic drive pump have been verified, the paper provides a reference to design of high temperature and pressure magnetic derive pump.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 25-30 [Abstract] ( 285 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 11649KB] ( 564 )
31 Influence of closure law of wicket gate on successive load rejection condition
CHU Shanpeng,ZHANG Jian,CHEN Sheng,YU Xiaodong
Focusing on pumpedstorage power stations with layout of two units per penstock, a few closure laws of wicket gate were applied in transient flow numerical simulations in a practical pumpedstorage power station based on transient flow theory and method of characteristics. The mechanism of closure law influencing the minimum pressure at the draft tube inlet was analyzed when a successive load rejection happened to find out the best closure law for the minimum pressure. The results show that a given closure law can decide the minimum pressure at the draft tube inlet to happen in the unit with first load rejection or the unit with late load rejection. Adopting a firstly slow then fast closing closure law can allow two units to have a nearly equal minimum pressure at the draft tube inlet at most unfavorable moments, respectively, showing a better law than the others. The procedure for obtaining such a closure law is as follows. Firstly, a closure law with twopiece line is selected. If the minimum pressure at the draft tube inlet in the unit with late load rejection is lower than in the unit with first load rejection, the law should be adjusted in such a way that the first piece line slope is increased and the second one is reduced. If not, the closure law should be adjusted vice versa until two units sharing approximately the same minimum pressure at the draft tube inlet.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 31-37 [Abstract] ( 302 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2590KB] ( 543 )
38 Analysis and optimization of Turgo hydraulic turbine based on orthogonal experiment design
LU Jing, TANG Yue, CHENG Jun
Based on design method for Turgo turbine structure, the optimal parameter combination was analyzed and selected by using orthogonal experiment design. An optimal turbine model was built and simulated numerically by using CFD technique to explore its performance, stability and efficiency at 500-900 r/min rotational speeds and 18-40 m3/h flow rates. In these flow rate and speed ranges, the optimal model has so high working efficiency that the best efficiency increases nearly up to 31%. The internal flow in the optimal model is more reasonable and smoother, and the uneven distribution of pressure in the inlet duct has been removed and an effective jet is formed as well. At the same time, the problem of local highpressure zone and the vortex between two blades disappear. Compared with the original model, the energy conversion efficiency of the runner was improved by 42.71%.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 38-42 [Abstract] ( 356 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4076KB] ( 525 )
43 Numerical simulation of internal flow field and mixing time in stirred tank with combined impellers
DONG Min, XIA Chenliang,LI Xiang
Since combined stirring paddles have been used in many industrial fields, internal flow fields in a stirred tank generated by double helical ribbon stirring blade and six pitched blade disk turbine impellers at 180,240,300 r/min rotating speeds were studied by using CFD analysis. The NavierStokes equations in multiple reference frame (MRF) and standard kω turbulence model were used in numerical simulations. Tracers were put into in the tank to measure the mixing time in mixing processes. The results show that a typical vortex swirling flow appears in the stirred tank in liquid phase in the region between two paddles. The mixing time is determined to be 9.6 s based on analysis of tracer concentration curves at monitoring points. Stirring effect and mixing time and stirring power at 240 r/min rotating speed have an absolute advantage for industrial application. An industrial scale experiment has proven the correctness of the model mentioned above. The study in the paper can provide a theoretical basis for design and engineering application of stirred tank with nonNewtonian fluid turbulent mixing layers.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 43-48 [Abstract] ( 313 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 15788KB] ( 532 )
49 Research progress of noise in pressure reducing valve
CHEN Fuqiang, WANG Fei, WEI Lin, QIAN Jinyuan, JIN Zhijiang
In order to comprehensively understand the specific noise generation process inside pressure reducing valves (PRV) and its existing research outcomes, here the generation of noise in PRV along with its research methods in China and abroad was summarized. Then, the current research status of noise reduction technologies was reviewed from two aspects: source and propagation. Based on analysis and summarization, the major existing problems in current noise reduction technologies were discussed, including complex flow situation in PRV, ambiguity of vortex location and uncertain in interaction between highvelocity jet flows and so on. In the future investigation of noise reduction in PRV, it is advised that the position of noise source in valve should be determined first through combination of theoretical analysis, experiment and numerical analysis. Then, the directivity of noise in the valve can be clarified. Thereby, a further study of noise reduction mechanism and technology can be launched. Finally, noise in PRV can be reduced to the utmost extent. In the future, control of noise inside PRV should start with flow mechanism and structural innovation, and then a universal valve design theory with low noise will be put forward. Investigation into noise characteristics in pressure reducing valve can provide a reliable basis for reducing noise effectively.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 49-57 [Abstract] ( 316 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5387KB] ( 536 )
58 Variation of vertical soil water content at emitter in different fertilizer concentrations
BAI Mianmian, WANG Fujun, LEI Cheng, WANG Ling, LIU Bangchao
In order to study the role of a bypass valve during maintenance process of a long water transport pipelines with gravity flow, a computational model of bypass valve is built based on method of characteristics. In a large water transport pipeline with gravity flow, hydraulic transient processes with and without bypass valve are analyzed. It is found that the maximum pressure head decreases and the minimum pressure head increases in the pipeline with bypass valve compared with the pipeline without bypass valve. When the closure time of service valve is fixed, the longer the closure time of bypass valve, the smaller the maximum pressure head, and the milder the pressure surge. When the closure time of bypass valve is fixed, the closure time of service valve has a little effect on pressure surge but a greater effect on the initial time of pressure surge. Moreover, it is shown that the degree of protection of the bypass valve depends on section in the pipeline, and the surge protection is more significant in the starting section and ending section of the pipeline. 
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 58-62 [Abstract] ( 289 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1834KB] ( 565 )
63 Experiment on sweet pepper nitrogen detection based on nearinfrared reflectivity spectral ridge regression
XU Di, LI Yinong, GONG Shihong, ZHANG Baozhong
Developing sustainable irrigation agriculture is one of the necessary supporting conditions for global food security and maintenance of peoples livelihood. However, farmland waterlogging salinealkaline caused by irrigation exerts an effect on crop growth process and yield in direct or indirect ways, thus severely restricts agricultural productivity, and induces negative environment effects on farmland. Based on a thorough review of formation mechanism of waterlogging salinealkaline caused by irrigation, response of crop growing and soil characteristics to waterlogging salinealkaline, as well as influence of waterlogging salinealkaline on crop yield, related management measures and technology applications for treating waterlogging salinealkaline are discussed in this paper in view of drainage, wateruse, irrigation, soil, crop, and socioeconomic etc. Besides, related research topics and important contents, namely different levels of coexistence mechanism of waterlogging salinealkaline, monitoring and evaluation of waterlogging salinealkaline coexistence situation, combination and integration mode development of waterlogging salinealkaline treatment technologies, and risk analysis and evaluation of waterlogging salinealkaline damage, are proposed to meet the goal of waterlogging salinealkaline management such as “saving irrigation, reducing emission, controlling salinity and increasing efficiency” based on sustainable irrigation agriculture.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 63-72 [Abstract] ( 724 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1448KB] ( 1154 )
73 Experiment on water and nitrogen transport characteristics of wetting body in bubbledroot irrigation
HE Zhenjia, FU Yuliang.
In the jujube micro irrigation demonstration base on Mizhi Mountain of northern Shaanxi, infiltration experiments of fertilizer solution were carried out in undisturbed soil in bubbledroot irrigation to study wetting soil body and nitrogen transport characteristics. The results showed that infiltration capacity of bubbledroot irrigation increased with increasing fertilizer concentration and the relationship between cumulative infiltration and infiltration time was in accord with Kostiakov model. The vertical and horizontal migration speeds of wetting front increase with increasing fertilizer concentration, and can be expressed as a power function of time. The greater the concentration of fertilizer solution, the deeper the wetting depth of wetting body in the same time, and the higher the soil moisture in the same position. The distribution of average water content of soil water in bubbledroot irrigation with different fertilizer concentrations was similar to the distribution of concentration of fresh water. The higher the concentration of fertilizer and the higher the water content in the same soil depth. Under a certain fertilization condition, the contents of NO-3-N and NH+4-N in the same infiltration depth of infused fluid by bubbledroot irrigation increase with increasing concentration of fertilizer solution. After water redistribution, the contents of NO-3-N and NH+4-N in the depth of 70 cm are near their back ground values in the soil.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 73-79 [Abstract] ( 248 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 37952KB] ( 526 )
80 Development of automatic control system for integrated fertilizer dissolving and mixing device
XIA Huameng, LI Hong, CHEN Chao, ZHANG Zhiyang
In order to improve fertilization uniformity of an integrated fertilizer dissolving and mixing device, and solve the problem in comprehensive control of irrigation quantity and fertilizer concentration during regulation of water and fertilizer, in this paper, an automatic control system for the integrated water fertilizer dissolving and mixing device was designed. STM 32 micro controller was used as the control core, the relationship between mass concentration and electrical conductivity of the fertilizer solution was determined by calibration experiments on fertilizer concentration. The fertilizer outlet concentration was detected in realtime by online with conductance electrodes and a related detection circuit. The mass concentration signal of fertilizer solution was fed back to the processor, and a control signal was generated, thus a closedloop control was constructed. A halfbridge circuit was adopted to drive a DC pump to regulate water flow, and the PWM pulse width modulation method was used to change solid fertilizer feeding rate inreal time, resulting an even more uniform and stable fertilizer outlet concentration. The fertilization performance of the device was tested; the result shows that the uniformity coefficient of water and fertilizer solution is increased by 31.46% after the control system in adjusted in realtime.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 80-85 [Abstract] ( 318 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1747KB] ( 507 )
86 Experiment on sweet pepper nitrogen detection based on nearinfrared reflectivity spectral ridge regression
ZHANG Xiaodong, SU Chen, DUAN Mengjie
According to nondestructive nitrogen content detection techniques for greenhouse cultivated crops, an experimental process for sweet pepper nitrogen detection was described based on ridge regression analysis of nearinfrared reflectivity (NIR) spectral data in this paper. Firstly, the targeted crop spectral images in leaf scale were captured by NIR reflectance spectral imaging technique; secondly, a spectral digital image processing was launched by using image analysis software to extract spectral data; thirdly, variables were screened by statistical analysis on the data; finally, a crop nutrition detection model was established by completing agricultural chemical analysis. In the data processing phase, ridge regression, which is a kind of biased estimation method, was adopted to obtain the regression equation. In the ridge regression analysis, characteristic bands were screened further, then, the nitrogen nutrition detection model of sweet pepper leaf was gotten based on NIR data of three characteristic bands. The adjusted R2 in the model is 0.843, the RMSE is 0.105.
2019 Vol. 37 (1): 86-92 [Abstract] ( 275 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3856KB] ( 516 )
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