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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2017 Vol.35 Issue.10
Published 2017-10-25
article
article
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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 800- [Abstract] ( 346 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 11121KB] ( 610 )
801
2017 Vol. 35 (10): 801- [Abstract] ( 342 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1099KB] ( 897 )
829

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 829-834 [Abstract] ( 495 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2478KB] ( 627 )
835 Effects of blade outlet angle on the performance for single blade pumps
TAN Linwei, SHI Weidong, ZHANG Desheng, ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Wenquan
In order to improve the performance of single blade pumps, effects of blade outlet angle on the performance for a single blade pump were investigated based on numerical simulation and performance test. A single blade pump was designed, with different blade outlet angles β2 equal to 10°,14°,18°,22°,26°. ANSYS CFX was adopted to calculate flow filed, and SIMPLEC arithmetic and RNG k-ε turbulence model were adopted to solve the N-S equations. The flow velocity, pressure distribution, radial force and performance curve were obtained. The simulated H-Q was in good agreement with the experimental result. Numerical simulation results show that the blade outlet angle affects the performance curve greatly, the head, power and efficiency are all improved with the blade outlet angle increasing, however, the change is no longer significant after the blade outlet angle increased to 18°. As the main parameters of the single blade [JP2]pump are basically the same, the overall flow fields are [JP]similar in the single blade pump with different blade outlet angles, however, the flow separation in front of the pressure surface becomes serious with the blade outlet angle increasing. The relative velocity at the pressure surface decreases with the blade outlet angle increasing, thus increasing the efficiency of the single blade pump. The radial force of impeller and volute increase with the blade outlet angle increasing, what is more, the radial force of impeller is minimum near the design conditions and the radial force of volute decreases with the flow rate increasing.  

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 835-841 [Abstract] ( 850 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2477KB] ( 1093 )
842 Crosssection unbalanced force amongimpellers of fivestage centrifugal pump
XIE Rongsheng,, TANG Fangping, LI Shuailing, SHI Lijian, YANG Fan
In order to research the effects among impellers under the lateral flow condition and high rotating speed of the multistage centrifugal pump,a fivestage centrifugal pump serves as the study object. Based on the standard k-ε turbulent model and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation, the hydraulic performance of the multistage centrifugal pump is simulated with the commercial CFD software. The result shows that as the stage of blade increases, the vorticity at the inlet of the pump and the unbalanced force among impellers increase, and the growth rate decreases under the same flow condition. [JP2]As the flow rate increases and the vorticity increases and the radial force decreases. The suction casing with side inlet has an effect at the velocity distribution at the inlet of all the impellers, thus inducing the flow field and pressure distribution to be asymmetric, and causing the force of each impeller to be different. Comparing the model test with the simulation result, the simulation result is bigger than the model test. The simulation result matches the model test better under the design flow condition than under the low flow condition. The minimum deviation is 178％ and the maximum is 717％. The result is of guidance significance for the design and assemble of multistage centrifugal pump.

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 842-848 [Abstract] ( 875 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2684KB] ( 1047 )
849 null
ZHANG Jing, TAN Minggao, LIU Houlin, WU Xianfang, HE Naichang
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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 849-855 [Abstract] ( 598 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2847KB] ( 899 )
856 Effects of variable pitch inducer on cavitation performance of highspeed centrifugal pumps  
SUN Qiangqiang, JIANG Jin, , ZHANG Shuaishuai, CHEN Qi
In order to study the effect of geometry shape of variable pitch inducer and coordination between inducer and impeller including axial distance and circumferential angle on the cavitation perfor-mance of the high-speed centrifugal pump, the turbulence model of RNG k-ε and cavitation model of Schnerr-Sauer were used to investigate the cavitation performance of high-speed centrifugal pump with different inducers at diverse coordination conditions. The results show that the variable pitch inducer which the blade diameter is constant can suppress the cavitation of the high-speed centrifugal pump more effectively compared with the variable pitch inducer with variable blade diameter. When the distance between inducer and impeller is too small or too large, the pressure coefficient and cavitation number of inducer decrease and the vapor volume ratio in the impeller flow channel has an upward trend. As a result of that, efficiency and lift coefficient of the high-speed centrifugal pump decrease. In addition, the cavitation performance of the pump fluctuates as the circumferential angle changes, however the change regularity is not obvious.

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 856-862 [Abstract] ( 609 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1882KB] ( 1077 )
863 Main shaft run-out research of hydraulic generator unit in load rejection process based on empirical mode decomposition
ZHANG Fei, FU Jing, FAN Yulin, ZHOU Xijun
In order to solve the problem of calculating the peak-to-peak value in load rejection conditions, the research on peak-to-peak value differences between stable conditions and transient conditions has been conducted by time-domain wave characteristic analysis. Empirical mode decomposition me-thod was employed for run-out signal analysis in the load rejection process. The result indicates that for load rejection conditions the run-out signal can be decomposed into two different meaningful components. One component is shaft deviation which can be explained as the shaft orbit center stepping from previous stable point to the new stable point; the other component is random-high frequency pulsation. Further research on shaft deviation component shows that it consists of four stages with the speed variations. Accordingly, peak-to-peak value in load rejection mode can be viewed as the summation of peak-to-peak value of high-frequency pulsation and shaft deviation value. Effectiveness has been proved by case in the literature.

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 863-868 [Abstract] ( 597 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1703KB] ( 955 )
869 Experiment on pressure fluctuation of kaplan turbine with low specific speed
LI Guangfu, LU Chi
In order to research the pressure fluctuation,model test was carried out on a low specific speed Kaplan turbine. The test data of 5 survey points were collected on casing,vaneless space and draft tube cone. Dimensionless pressure fluctuation amplitude relative to the velocity head at the runner blade outlet was used to predict the pressure fluctuation amplitude of prototype and the frequencies of survey points were gained based on FFT transform. The research results indicate that the amplitude of casing,vaneless space and draft tube cone were different in variation tendencies of different output. The low-frequency components of vortex and the high of rotating frequency existed in the whole flow passage.

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 869-873 [Abstract] ( 499 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1907KB] ( 1158 )
874 Numerical solution of onedimensional consolidation for saturated soil based on lattice Boltzmann method
WANG Zhiliang, XIN Libin, SHEN Linfang, LI Mingyu
In order to study onedimensional Terzagjhi consolidation theory for saturated soil, the equilibrium distribution function of discrete velocity direction is derived based on D1Q2 model. At the same time, the lattice Boltzmann model with discrete time and space is established by applying the BGK approximation to deal with collision term of the Boltzmann equation. Then the microscopic lattice Boltzmann model is reduced to the macroscopic onedimensional consolidation differential equation by using ChapmanEnskog multiscale expansion technique and Taylor formula series expansion method. To make the analysis convenient, the dimensionless method is used to deal with the onedimensional consolidation equation for saturated soil. And the transformation between the physical unit and the lattice one is constructed. Finally, according to lattice Boltzmann method the corresponding calculation program is compiled with visual C[KG-*2]+[KG-*3]+ language, [JP2]at the different time steps the distribution of excess pore water pressure for saturated soil is calculated in case of one side drainage and both sides drainage. The numerical [JP3]results are compared with the classical analytical solutions. Research has shown that the numerical solution of this method is in good agreement with the theoretical solution. The effectiveness of lattice Boltzmann method is verified in the application of onedimensional consolidation for saturated soil.

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 874-880 [Abstract] ( 573 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1564KB] ( 911 )
881 Experiment on convolution flow and SO2 removal mass transfer in charged spray
LU Jianrong., WANG Zhentao, XIA Lei, GUO Tianyu
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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 881-886 [Abstract] ( 526 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2187KB] ( 820 )
887 null
CHEN Haorui,., WANG Shaoli,, HAN Songjun,, GU Hong, SUN Yong, LI Jiang′an
null

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 887-896 [Abstract] ( 575 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4813KB] ( 853 )
897 Effect of fertilization modes on cotton yield, quality, and water-nitrogen utilization in Xinjiang
DENG Zhong, ZHAI Guoliang, LYU Mouchao, FENG Junjie, WANG Xiaoseng, ZONG Jie, CAI Jiumao
A field experiment was carried out in order to explore the influence of 2 fertilization modes (F1, NPK fertilizer all dropped; F2, N fertilizer dropped and PK fertilizer as base fertilizer), 4 N application rates (at 150, 225, 300, 375 kg／hm2, respectively) on the yield, quality, water use efficiency(WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of mulched-cotton by drip irrigation. The results showed that the boll retention rate increased significantly, and the number of available bolls per plant and single boll weight decreased, cotton yield, WUE, NUE decreased when N application rate was 150 kg／hm2 under the two fertilization modes. Shedding rate of cotton decreased at first and then increased while yield and WUE and NUE increased first then decreased with nitrogen supplying increased under 4 nitrogen application rates. The average cotton boll retention rate of F2reduced by 335％ compared to F1, the average yield of F2 increased by 406％ compared to F1, and WUE and NUE of F2 increased by 1258％ and 301％ compared to F1. Nitrogen amount had a significant influence on uniformity index, micronaire value, and the breaking tenacity of cotton fiber, and nitrogen rate was 300 kg／hm2, the above-mentioned index of cotton fiber reached maximum. Cotton has low boll retention rate and high available bolls and single boll weight and lint percentage under F2 mode with nitrogen amount at 300 kg／hm2, yield reach 699233 kg／hm2, WUE and NUE come to 145 kg／m3 and 459％ respectively, cotton fiber has good maturity and high strength.

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 897-902 [Abstract] ( 606 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1314KB] ( 922 )
903 Transport characteristics of water and nitrogen underbubbledroot irrigation with emitter discharge
LIU Xian, FEI Liangjun
To improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency under water and fertilizer integration of bubbledroot irrigation, we conducted the field fertilizer solution infiltration experiment to explore the bubbledroot irrigation wetting front movement and soil moisture and nitrogen distribution rules at different emitter discharge criteria. The result showed that different emitter discharge has a biggist effect on the wetting front transport distance and the distribution of water and nitrogen in wetted body. The distance of the wetting front with the increase of the discharge is increasing. At the end of irrigation,with the soil water content, NH+4-N and NO-3-N fractions at the same location in the wetted body increase with the increase of the emitter flow rate and the distribution of moisture in the body is more uniform. The distance of the anisotropic wetting front migration and the infiltration time is a power function relationship, and the mathematical modelwith wetting front transport distance as the dependent variable and infiltration time and discharge as the independent variables are get. After the end of irrigation, with the continuous infiltration, wetted body of water and nitrogen carry on the redistribution. within the 1-day redistribution, moisture distribution in the wetted body is more evenl and reaches the field capacity. During the 3-day redistribution, the amount of water and NH+4-N content are decreased while NO-3-N content is increased. The results could lay the foundation for further research on the bubbled-root irrigation technology of  efficiently using water and nitrogen.
Key words: bubbledroot irrigation;emitter discharge;wetted body;redistribution;nitrogen migration

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2017 Vol. 35 (10): 903-911 [Abstract] ( 611 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1822KB] ( 747 )
912
HAO Kun, LIU Xiao-Gang, HAN Zhi-Hui, WU He-Lin, YU Ning, LIU Yan-Wei, YANG Qi-Liang,
The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes, conventional drip irrigation (CDI), alternate drip irrigation (ADI) and fixed drip irrigation (FDI) on growth, photosynthetic characteristics, biomass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency of Arabica coffee were investigated under three nitrogen levels, high nitrogen (NH), middle nitrogen (NM) and low nitrogen (NL).The results showed that there was a significant Logistic curve between the plant height, the stem diameter of Arabica coffee and growth days. Compared with CDI, ADI had no significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, instantaneous water use efficiency and biomass accumulation above ground of Arabica coffee, while FDI decreased significantly, ADI and FDI increased irrigation water use efficiency by 5059％ and 3285％, respectively. Compared with NH, with the reduction of N application rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, biomass accumulation above ground and irrigation water use efficiency decreased by 681％-1230％, 1370％-2269％, 961％-1667％ and 978％-1564％. Compared with CDINH, ADINHdecreased net photosynthesis rate and the stomatal conductance out significantly, [JP2]other treatments decreased by 916％-1922％, 1449％-3291％, [JP]and decreased biomass accumulation above ground by 826％-2734％ except ADINH, and increased irrigation water use efficiency by 1646％-6095％ except CDINMand CDINL. Therefore, alternate drip irrigation under high N level (ADINH) is the best water and nitrogen coupling mode of young Arabica coffee tree for water efficiency.
2017 Vol. 35 (10): 912-920 [Abstract] ( 495 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1662KB] ( 661 )
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