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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2016 Vol.34 Issue.6
Published 2016-06-25
461 Effect of inducer deflection angle on impeller cavitation performance in centrifugal pump
LI Rennian,, BI Zhen, LI Yibin,, XIAO Liqian
In order to clarify the effect of inducer deflection on cavitation performance of centrifugal pump impeller, improve centrifugal pump cavitation performance, and get the best circumferential position, based on the homogeneous flow assumption, the IDM cavitation model and the RNG k-ε turbulence model were adopteed and five projects which deflections are 0°,10°,20°,30°,40° and 50° were selected,to compare numerical simulation values and experimental values of pump′s external characteristics and cavitation performances of inducer and impeller. The centrifugal pump characteristic performance data of different projects were obtained. Calculated NPSHR curves match well with experimental ones, which can verify the accuracy of the calculation methods. Based on numerical simulation results, vapor volume fraction distributions within inducer and impeller blades under various conditions were analyzed.It was found that cavitation bubbles′ development processes and rates of 10° and 20°positions are basically the same, but the cavitation rate and vapor volume fraction distribution areas are smaller when the deflection is 10°, therefore two deflectians of 5° and 15° were further selected to do simulation analysis to get more accurate results, i.e. the pump′s overall hydraulic characteristic is the best when the deflection is 5°.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 461-469 [Abstract] ( 1111 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2518KB] ( 1483 )
470 Unsteady characteristics of blade hydraulic moment in centrifugal pumps with CFD
GUO Yihang, YUAN Shouqi, LUO Yin, SUN Hui
Unsteady characteristics of blade hydraulic moment in centrifugal pumps are key factors having strong influence on pump operation. But there is few literature on the unsteady hydraulic moment currently. Thus, with CFD technology, the 3D unsteady flow numerical simulations were executed on a model of XS50—160/7.5 pump for capturing the flow character inside the impeller under 5 different operation conditions. And an experiment has been done for verification of the validity and accuracy. The hydraulic moment fluctuation and the pressure fluctuation on blade surface under 5 different operation conditions were obtained with the simulation. The result of the simulation showed that the blade passing frequency plays a dominant role in the fluctuation of the hydraulic moment at design and off-design conditions under various operating conditions. Meanwhile, the rotating frequency of impeller plays a dominant role in the pressure fluctuation in the impeller at design and off-design conditions. When the frequency is higher than the blade passing frequency, the strength of hydraulic moment pulsation and pressure pulsation on the surface of blade are both relatively weak. At design point, the minimum RMS of the hydraulic moment fluctuation occurred. With the deviation from the design point, the RMS value goes higher. The RMS values at low flow rate condition and at high flow rate condition are almost symmetrically distributed about the design point. The pressure fluctuation in the pressure surface of the blade is stronger than that in the suction surface,that in the outlet zone is stronger than in the inlet zone.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 470-476 [Abstract] ( 999 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1744KB] ( 1068 )
477 Numerical simulation on modal of mine emergency drainage multistage pump rotor
CAO Weidong, LIU Bing, ZHANG Yining, LIU Guanghui
To obtain the modal characteristic of multistage pump rotor in operation, the three-dimensional flow passage and the structure of the rotor for one mine emergency drainage multistage pump were established, then, based on the method of fluid-solid coupling, a model of the rotor which contains impellers and shaft was simulated with ANSYS WORKBENCH software considering the influence of both the damping and pre-stress from fluid especially. In addition, the modal of rotor was simulated without pre-stress and with different speed of revolution respectively, the characteristics of modal under different situations were obtained, and the reason for different profiles of modal was analyzed.Results show that pre-stress in the pump has a significant influence on the modal of rotor, then, the damping from fluidy has a great effect on that as well. Calculation for the modal of rotor can contribute significantly to reasonable design of multistage pump and determination of revolution.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 477-482 [Abstract] ( 832 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2251KB] ( 1121 )
483 Numerical investigation of noise induced by internal flow of double-suction pump as hydraulic turbine
XIA Yong, WANG Chunlin, YANG Xiaoyong, YE Jian, ZENG Cheng
In order to research the change rules of vibration and noise of the double-suction pump, an hybrid algorithm based on computational fluid dynamic and LMS Virtual-Lab was adopted to calculate the inner sound field of the pump. The three-dimensional unsteady flow was calculated based on k-ε turbulence model, the pressure fluctuation of blade and volute surface was extracted as a dipole source when it become a main source of the flow-induced noise. Based on the LMS Virtual-Lab acoustic simulation, the direct boundary element method was applied to numerical simulation and analysis in order to calculate sound pressure level distribution of the acoustic boundary element sound model surface and sound pressure vibration with the change of the frequency. The results show that blade passing frequency and multiple frequency are the main frequency of the flow-induced noise, and there is the maximum value of sound pressure of the blade and volute in the condition of blade passing frequency. Even if a peak value appears in the multiple frequency,with the increase of frequency,the sound pressure of flow-induced is dramatically reduced. The results provide some useful references for low noise and vibration of pump as hydraulic turbine.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 483-489 [Abstract] ( 915 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2340KB] ( 1070 )
490 Numerical study on cavitation characteristics of CAP1400 nuclear main coolant pump
ZHU Rongsheng, CHEN Zongliang, Wang Xiuli, Cao Liang
In order to study the cavitation problem of CAP1400 nuclear main coolant pump, the steady numerical simulation on the cavitation problem was conducted on the the basis of hydraulic design and three-dimensional modeling.The distribution characteristics of vapor volume fraction on the suction side of impeller blades, vapor volume fraction between blades and medium temperature between blades were acquired under the normal condition, incipient cavitation, critical cavitation, severe cavitation and fracture cavitation.The calculation results show that the nuclear main coolant pump cavitation occurs on the suction side of impeller blades first and develops in the direction of pressure side of blade and hub.Vapor volume fraction growth trend is the same from the relative position S=0.35-0.45, and vapor volume fraction is relatively smooth from S=0.45-0.50 in the impeller passage at the stage of critical cavitation and severe cavitation.Temperature gradient was formed in the liquid phase near the two-phase interface due to heat transfer between the two-phase caused by phase change.The vapor medium temperature inside the cavity is lower than the temperature of the liquid medium, and the temperature difference increases with the development of cavitation.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 490-495 [Abstract] ( 1119 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1825KB] ( 1120 )
496 Impact of tongue angles on hydraulic and structural performance of double-channel pump based on fluid-structure interaction
QIU Jing, ZHAO Binjuan, ZHAO Youfei, CHEN Huilong, ZHANG Chenghu
In order to study the influence of tongue angles on hydraulic and structural performances of double channel pump, three cases with different tongue angles were simulated by the two-way coupling fluid-structure interaction(FSI)method. The result shows that in the hydraulic performance aspect, the influence of tongue angles on flow-head is weak, and the maximum difference is 0.09 m,but the maximum difference of efficiency is 1.1%. Tongue angle mainly affects the pressure fluctuation in and after the tongue edge,and the larger the tongue angle is,the stronger the fluctuation is.Because of the asymmetry of the volute, radial force on the volute is very large.It is periodical when the impeller rotates one circle and decreases obviously with the increasing of the tongue angle. In the structural performance aspect,stress concentration of the impeller appears in the suction surface near the outlet,and the volute stress concentration appears near the tongue edge.The increasing of tongue angle will increase the value of the maximum stress of the impeller and volute,but the amplitude will decrease. Displacement with the magnitude 10-5 m happens in the pump, and the maximum displacement appears at the outlet of the volute. It is periodical and is mainly influenced by the blade-passing frequency. The tongue angle has little impact on the maximum displacement,but has an obvious effect on the vibration velocity of the pump.Larger tongue angle can suppress the vibration.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 496-503 [Abstract] ( 832 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3492KB] ( 1147 )
504 Hydraulic turbine governing system based on fractional-order fuzzy PID control
ZHANG Xing, ZHANG Dehu, LIU Yingying
For the disadvantage of the traditional PID control strategy, a novel fractional-order fuzzy PID(FOFPID)controller is designed, which expands the differential and integral orders from integer order to non-integer order on the basis of fuzzy PID controller(FPID). The improved Oustaloup recursive approximation is used to realize the fractional calculus. By combining Rechenberg′s 1/5 criteria and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization(QPSO), the dynamic adaptation quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization(DAQPSO)is proposed and applied to parameters optimization in hydraulic turbine governing system. The simulation results show that FOFPID controller has better adaptability when the disturbance amplitude and operational condition of hydraulic turbine governing system change, and has stronger robustness with changeable parameters of hydraulic turbine governing system. Compared with the QPSO, RLQPSO and MLQPSO, the DAQPSO has higher precision. It could provide a better optional scheme of parameters optimization in hydraulic turbine governing system.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 504-510 [Abstract] ( 1007 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1596KB] ( 1373 )
511 Causes of distribution characteristic of flushing time of Xiangxi bay in autumn
ZHANG Hongqing,, DAI Huichao, BAO Zhongjin, WANG Bin, WANG Ziming
For the problem of algal bloom of tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir in autumn, 3D hydrodynamic model, based on the background of the Xiangxi River was set up to explore the flushing time distribution and its causes during Sep.1 to Nov.30. Results show that in the storage period of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the areas of longer flushing time mainly focus on the middle of tributary embayment of the Xiangxi River, and the maximum of flushing time at every layer of tributary embayment increases as the water level rises at the end of flood season; in the following middle and lower area of tributary embayment, flushing time of the surface layer is the longest owing to trunk stream decanted into the tributary embayment from the middle and bottom layers, and the difference of flushing time between the surface and middle and bottom layers nearby tributary embayment estuary increases with the duration of trunk stream intrusion increasing. In the upstream and middle and upper areas, the flow direction is from the bottom of the tributary embayment to trunk stream within most of the time of this period, so flushing time at the bottom of this area is shorter than that at the surface and middle layers. The results can provide a reference for preventing and controlling the fall blooms problems of tributaries embayment of the Three Gorges Reservoir.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 511-517 [Abstract] ( 948 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2309KB] ( 940 )
518
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 518-524 [Abstract] ( 517 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1410KB] ( 1026 )
525 Orthogonal experimental on effect of geometrical parameters on self-excited inspiration pulsed jet nozzle performance
GAO Chuanchang, HUANG Dan, MA Jianjiao, WANG Mengfei, TANG Linjun
In order to determine the geometrical parameters of the self-excited pulsed jet nozzle and the significance and importance of the order that their interactions affect its performance. The experiment on the inspiratory performamce and impact property of the self-excited inspiration pulsed jet nozzle was conducted by the orthogonal experiment method, and the nozzle area ratio, relative oscillation cavity area, relative cavity length and the sensitivity of their interactions to the inspiratory performance and impact property of the device were anedyzed by range analysis and variance analysis. The results show that the geometrical parameters that affect the inspiratory performance in descending order are: relative cavity length, relative oscillation cavity area, the interaction between relative oscillation cavity area and relative cavity length, the interaction between nozzle area ratio and relative oscillation cavity area, nozzle area ratio. The geometrical parameters that affect the impact property in descending order are: nozzle area ratio, relative oscillation cavity area, the interaction between of relative oscillation cavity area and relative cavity lengthis, relative cavity length among them, the former two contribute is much greater the nozzle impact property than the latter two to verifying tests confirmed the conclusions of orthogonal experiment.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 525-531 [Abstract] ( 845 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1407KB] ( 1078 )
532 Coupling effects of water-nitrogen on water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation
SUI Juan,, WANG Jiandong,, GONG Shihong,, ZHANG Yanqun,, CEN Juanjuan, GUO Jian
With reference to the cumulative 20 cm diameter pan evaporation(E), a field experiment was conducted for 2 consecutive years(2012—2013)to study the coupling effects of water-nitrogen on water consumption, crop physiological indexes and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation in the North China Plain. The results indicated that the irrigation-scheduling had significant effects(at 0.05 level)on water consumption, LAI and wheat yield. In a nitrogen application range of 120 to 290 kg/hm2 with drip irrigation, water-nitrogen coupling effects had no significant influence on water consumption. At 140-190 kg/hm2 with irrigation level of 0.80E under drip irrigation, the yield was higher and residual nitrate nitrogen after one season was less. Furthermore, significant increasing in irrigation level and nitrogen level would lead to significant decline in wheat yield. Referring to guarantee yield and low environmental contamination risks, an optimized water-nitrogen combination, irrigation level of 0.80E with nitrogen application of 140-190 kg/hm2, was recommended under drip irrigation in the North China area.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 532-538 [Abstract] ( 1046 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1356KB] ( 872 )
539 Effect of different mulching modes on soil moisture evaporation
ZHAO Wenju, MA Hong, YU Wen, DOU Pinxin
To reveal the effect of restraining soil water evaporation with different mulching models, through simulation test, the effect of restraining soil water evaporation was analyzed. Five modes were set up including bare land(CK), sand mulching(S), sand and plastic film mulching(SM), straw and plastic film mulching(JM)and straw and sand mulching(JS). The result showed that the soil daily evaporation capacity is different with the different mulching modes of soil surface. In the early evaporation, the soil moisture evaporation capacity is CK>JS>JM>S>SM, then the change trend becomes CK>JS>S>SM>JM. When rainfall occurs, the change of soil moisture evaporation capacity is from CK>JM>SM>JS>S to CK>JS>S>SM>JM. The different mulching models can effectively reduce soil water evaporation. Soil water cumulative evaporation capacity of bare land, straw and sand mulching, straw and plastic film mulching, sand mulching, sand and plastic film mulching is respectively 1 823.6g, 712.2g, 473.3g, 450.6g, 375.1g, soil water cumulative evaporation capacity of straw and sand mulching, straw and plastic film mulching, sand mulching, sand and plastic film mul-ching decreases by 60.9%, 74%, 75.3%, 79.4% respectively, compared with CK. In the whole evaporation process, the relationship between soil water cumulative evaporation capacity and time under different mulching models is W=atb. By comprehensive analysis, sand mulching is a more reasonable mulching model in the test area.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 539-544 [Abstract] ( 1127 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1319KB] ( 1260 )
545 Influence of mulch drip irrigation on wheat root distribution characteristics
LI Xiting, TIAN Delong, GUO Kezhen,, XU Bin, ZHAO Shuyin
In order to explore the applicability of wheat by mulch drip irrigation in Hetao irrigation areas and root distribution characteristics, the contrast test for wheat by border irrigation and mulch drip irrigation was conducted in the Hetao region. The test results show that in mulch drip irrigation of wheat, its root length density,root surface area density,root volume density at the main infiltration layer of 0-30 cm were better than CK. When the planting pattern is different, the root indicators numerical average of the planting patterns of film with 5 lines at each soil layer is 5.9% greater than that of film with 6 lines. When the irrigation level is different, the sufficient irrigation accelerates the root growth at 0-30 cm soil layer, and the mild water deficit is beneficial to the growth of deep root in the soil. Wheat yield and water use efficiency and irrigation water productivity by different treatments of mulch drip irrigation are significantly higher than CK, the yield increased by 19.6%,14.6%,19.5% and 14.7% respectively as compared with CK, water use efficiency increased by 28.2%,27.3%,29.6% and 27.3% respectively, and irrigation water productivity increased by 37.1%,40.7%,42.0% and 41.8% respectively. The sufficient irrigation of film with 5 lines accelerates the root growth and at the same time, the yield,water use efficiency and irrigation water productivity are optimal, which is the best planting pattern of high yield and water use efficiency.
2016 Vol. 34 (6): 545-552 [Abstract] ( 1100 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1830KB] ( 1107 )
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