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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2010 Vol.28 Issue.4
Published 2010-07-30
article
Article
277 CFD calculation and test of pressure fluctuationin doublechannel pump
Liu Houlin, Ren Yun, Tan Minggao, Lu Binbin, Shu Minhua
Based on Fluent software of computational fluid dynamics, the internal unsteady flow in a double pump with specific speed of 99 was numerically calculated under  design condition by adopting sliding mesh technique. The pressure fluctuation principle of detecting points at different time in the impeller and volute channels was obtained. The calculation results show that the pressure fluctuation presents periodical variation in a period time at different positions of impeller channel, and increases gradually from impeller inlet to outlet at the same time. The interval time of pressure between the peak and valley are almost the same. In the volute channel, pressure fluctuation on monitoring points is more obvious when the detecting points get nearer to the tongue. The pressure fluctuation at volute outlet also presents periodical variation in a period time. The pressure fluctuation features of the two points that are centrosymmetric about basic circle center inside the volute channel seem extremely similar. The pressure fluctuation around the volute outlet was tested by virtual instrument technique and subaqua pressure sensor. By comparison, the results of numerical simulation agree well with the experiment ones, and which indicates that the unsteady simulation can satisfy the requirements of the forecast of pressure fluctuation.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 277-281 [Abstract] ( 2114 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 456KB] ( 1223 )
282 Optimal design and numerical simulation for impeller of centrifugal pump with mediumhigh specific speed
Tan Lei, Cao Shuliang
 Based on continuity equation and motion equation of fluids, the flow field of quasithreedimensional direct problem was solved through iterative calculation for two kinds of stream surfaces. The distribution of axis plane velocity in mediumhigh specific speed centrifugal pump impeller was obtained. Based on the flow field of the direct problem, the inverse problem of centrifugal pump impeller was designed by drawing blade shape with pointbypoint integration, thickening blade and smoothing leading edge of the blade through conformal mapping. The impeller was not finally accomplished until the iterative calculation of direct and inverse problems were converged. The threedimensional flow fields of the centrifugal pump impeller designed were simulated with RNG k-ε  turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithm. The distributions of pressure and velocity field inside the impeller were obtained. The simulation results show that pressure distribution inside the impeller designed here is well uniform. The flow inside impeller is steady without separation. The energy distribution at impeller outlet is reasonable. The impeller designed by this method has  superior hydraulic performance.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 282-285 [Abstract] ( 1928 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 399KB] ( 1532 )
286 Computation of unsteady flow and performance prediction for centrifugal pump
Zhou Lingjiu1， Wang Zhanmin2， Jiang Dongzhi1
The unsteady flow in a centrifugal pump was computed by applying Reynoldsaveraged equations closed by SST k-ω  model and slidemeshmethod. Taking leakage loss, disk friction loss and mechanical loss into account, the performance curves of pump were predicted based on the computation results of unsteady flow, and were compared with the experimental data. The results show that the head and shaft power fluctuate greatly with different relative position of impeller blade and diffuser volute for a given flow rate, and the fluctuation amplitudes increase with flow rate increasing. The performance curves predicted of the steady and unsteady flow computation have little difference at  both large flow rate and  design  point, but have  obvious difference at low flow rate. Compared with tested curves, the predicted head and shaft power curves are lower, and the predicted efficiency curve is similar. Because of little difference between steady and unsteady flow computation at design point, the results of steady flow computation is feasible for impeller design.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 286-290 [Abstract] ( 1922 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 418KB] ( 1608 )
291 Design for thermal shock loop of residual heat removal pump in nuclear power plant 
Kong Fanyu， Wang Ting， Huang Daojian， Wang Wenting
 In order to test heat shock resistance and operation stability of residual heat removal pump, thermal shock loop was designed based on energy conservation law and different working conditions of both coldstate and hotstate loops. The equipment types were determined by heat balance calculation. The thermal shock loop designed included both coldstate and hotstate loops, and intime switching experiment from coldstate to hotstate was carried out with a  three way valve to simulate actual working conditions of residual heat removal pump. The experimental results show that the thermal shock loop system designed can really simulate practical working conditions of nuclear power plant. The equipment types are determined by  heat balance calculation, and the heat shock resistance of pump parts is validated by means of convenient switching mode.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 291-294 [Abstract] ( 2691 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 301KB] ( 1630 )
295 Numerical simulation on flow performance and blade profile optimal design of mixedflow pump impeller
Xie Rong, Shan Yujiao, Wang Xiaofang
 A numerical calculation was carried out to simulate threedimensional turbulent flow in a high specificspeed mixedflow pump impeller under design condition. Through the analysis of impeller internal flow, some problems caused by the unsuitable local structure were found, such as vast  vortexes aeras and wall flow separations, which added flow losses. Aimed at the problems, a multiparameter optimal method was adopted to redesign blade profile, and the action rules of blade profile on impeller internal flow were analyzed. The results show that the horse hoof shaped vortexes at impeller inlet and passage vortexes and wall flow separations can be removed and the passage vortex intensity and influencing range are reduced by adjusting blade curvature. The hydraulic efficiency of the optimized impeller increases 4.74% relatively, and the head per power dissipation increases 11.5%. The calculated data of impeller performance parameters are in good agreement with the experimental ones, which proves accuracy and  reliability  of the adopted method and model.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 295-299 [Abstract] ( 2101 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 463KB] ( 1453 )
300 Numerical simulation of influence of volute with different sections on centrifugal pump performance
Guo Pengcheng， Luo Xingqi， Zhou Peng， Ding Kuang
Based on Reynoldsaveraged equations closed by SST k-ω  model, numerical simulations of flow in a lowspecificspeed singlestage centrifugal pump with three different volutes were carried out by using ANSYS CFX 11.0 software. For the volute geometry, the crosssection of the original volute was a horseshoe section, and the other two new ones were designed as  fully circular and rectangular geometries, respectively. The numerical results show that the differences in theperformance of different volutes are quite small. At large flow rate operating regime, the efficiency of the pump with the circular and rectangular volutes is higher appreciably than that of the original one, while at the best efficiency point it is a little lower than that of the original one. For the head differences of the pumps, at low flow rate the head of the pump with the rectangular and original volutes is higher than that of the circular one, and at high flow rate the head of the original volute pump drops obviously, and is lower than that of the rectangular one. In addition, the hydraulic losses in the pump with three different volutes are dissimilar with the flow variation. At low flow rate the hydraulic loss in the original volute pump is the minimum, and the one in the circular volute pump is maximum. While at high flow rate the hydraulic loss in the  circular  volute pump is the minimum, and the one in the rectangular volute pump is maximum.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 300-304 [Abstract] ( 1382 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 413KB] ( 1545 )
305 Flow calculation and experiment of photovoltaic centrifugal pump under weak radiation 
Cong Xiaoqing, Jia Ziqiang, Zhang Jian, Wang Guanghui
 The formula of inlet shock loss under week sun radiation was derived. The location and extent of secondary flow caused by speed reduction were analyzed. The effects of sawtooth waving and continuous changing of radiation on the flow field were discussed. Based on Reynolds timeaveraged Navier-Stokes equation and standard k-ε turbulence model, a selfdesigned photovoltaic centrifugal pump was simulated by computational fluid dynamics software of Fluent and SIMPLEC method under four kinds of radiation and tested by experiment. The results of calculation and experiment show that the inlet shock loss is mainly determined by square of circumferential velocity. The forward and reverse alternated oscillation pulse in flow field can lead to pressure disturbance waves and  rarefaction waves. With the radiation decreasing, the shock loss first appears at the inlet and gradually evolves into a whirlpool in the same direction of  the rotation. The outlet disturbance lags behind inlet one.It  occurs near the blade suction side first，and then develops to the next blade pressure side rapidly. 
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 305-309 [Abstract] ( 1990 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 415KB] ( 1179 )
310 Analysis on pressure fluctuation within volute of centrifugalpump based on large eddy simulation
Yuan Jianping， Fu Yanxia， Liu Yang， Zhang Jinfeng， Pei Ji
In order to study the characteristics of the pressure fluctuation in volutes caused by unsteady flow in centrifugal pumps, the whole flow field including those in the suction casing, impeller and discharge casing of a centrifugal pump was simulated based on large eddy simulation（LES）. The impeller of the pump has three long blades and three splitter ones. The pressure fluctuation in the volute was analysed in time and frequency domains. The results show that the obvious fluctuation content depicts the interaction of the flow in impeller and that in volute. At design flow rate, the maximum fluctuation amplitude occurs at the interfaces between the impeller and volute and near the tongue. The dominant frequency of the monitor points in volute is of long blade passing frequency, and the subdominant one is of the splitter blade passing content. It can be found that the pressure fluctuation for different sections of volute is basically identical while the pressure fluctuation is more regular in the diffuser part than that in the spiral. There have no significant highfrequency components in volute at design flow rate.  
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 310-314 [Abstract] ( 2338 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 424KB] ( 1756 )
315 Comparative analysis of butterfly performance based on  numerical simulation
Feng Weimin, Xiao Guangyu, Yuan Bo, Zuo Lei
The three dimensional numerical simulation was applied for inner flow field of the double eccentric butterfly valve by the semiimplicit method for pressure linked equation SIMPLEC and the k-ε turbulence model based on the theory of isotropic eddy viscosity. The overall performance was predicted, and the curves of characteristics of inherent flow, regulation were also obtained. The study has important theoretical significance and a wide range value of production and application for inner flow optimization and grasping the regulation ability and macro features of the valves. According to the numerical results, the performance of flow in trusstype butterfly valve is optimal when valve is full open. The dynamic  characteristics and reverse selfsealing ability of double eccentric is improved and made both its regulation characteristics and service life better. By the comparison, the performance and characteristic of four kinds of butterfly valves can be obtained, which can provide a reference for butterfly valve design and selection.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 315-319 [Abstract] ( 2140 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 629KB] ( 1975 )
320 Numerical simulation of hinge type cone way valve in condensate delivery pump
Zhang Shengchang, Zhang Jinhai, Zheng Shuihua, Deng Hongying, Shou Tao
 Given the hightemperature and vaporization of condensate, short height difference of suction inlet of pump as well as high requirement of hydraulic loss for condensate delivery pump, a new kind of condensate delivery pump with hinge type coneway valve and its working principle were proposed. Take the hinge type import valve as an example, a 2 dimensional physical model was established, and the boundary condition of the coneway valve was given according to its actual parameters. By using Fluent 6.3, numerical simulation was conducted for the status of flow field when the opening angle of valve plate was 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 7° and 10°, respectively. The cloud picture of pressure and velocity vector of valve plate during the opening process of the new hinge type coneway valve were obtained. Meanwhile, comparative analysis under different opening angles was conducted. The results show that the maximum flow rate and the minimum flow rate are increased with the continuous increase of opening angle, and indicate that the minimum pressure range is in the bottom of valve plate. Main position of hinge type cone way valve which may cause hydraulic loss is identified; the results provide a reference for design calculation of the valve and optimization of internal flow road.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 320-324 [Abstract] ( 1744 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 434KB] ( 1624 )
325 Design of mechanical seal used in carbonylation recycle pump
He Yujie, Zhang Li, Huang Mingke, Liu Sanhua, Zhang Junhui
Aiming at the problem that the mechanical seal of domestic carbonylation circulation pump fails soon after putting into use in the process plant of acetic anhydride synthesis, the choice of sealing materials, transformation method for structural design, type and arrangement of auxiliary systems were proposed. Considered from economical aspect that combined the result of coupon corrosion test, Hastelloy B2 was adopted as structure material of the mechanical seal, and KALREZ as a secondary sealing material. In order to prevent the leakage of transportation medium that  is flammable, explosive, toxic, highrisk(such as acetic acid, iodine, methane, hydrogen iodide, propionic acid, etc.), the mechanical seal was designed as cartridge cascaded balance type structure. PLAN 32+PLAN 54+PLAN 62 method was adopted on seal to improve the seal working condition. To control axial displacement of the first stage static ring, retaining ring and circlip were set up in front of it. The various parameters of secondary seal in higher pressure were reasonably selected and designed to ensure the pressure ability that the friction face can take and reduce the heat which was generated by friction. As a result, the service life and reliability of mechanical seal are greatly increased. 
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 325-329 [Abstract] ( 2193 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 368KB] ( 1404 )
330 Fluid state analysis on flow field of gas sealwith spiral groove based on CFD
Ding Xuexing, Fu Yingjie, Zhang Jing, Zhang Weizheng, Yu Shurong
The three dimensional model of spiral groove gas seal is carried out and meshed by Gambit software.On certain occasions, there are two flow patterns named laminar and turbulence in the three dimensional micro groove. The two kind of flow patterns are simulated with Fluent software. As a result, their pressure distribution, velocity distribution and leakage were obtained. With the simulation results, theoretical calculations proceeds according to the velocity of flow factor.The results show that fluid state in spiral groove gas face seal is based on laminar on certain operating conditions. The simulation leakage and the experimental data are compared and analyzed. The laminar leakage data of 6.92×10 -6 m3/s is very similar to the experimental one of 6.94×10 -6  m3/s. In conclusion, fluid state in spiral groove gas face seal is based on laminar in certain operating conditions.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 330-334 [Abstract] ( 2157 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 398KB] ( 1228 )
335 Numerical simulation and PIV test of internal flow field in paddle stirred tank
Wang Chunlin, Lü Yayun, Shi Yating, Ding Jian, Li Changjun
3D flow field of mixing process in an agitator tank was simulated by using Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) and standard  k-εmodel, and the liquid flow status in the mixing tank was analyzed. In order to verify that the impellers can mix the liquid effectively, velocity distribution of vertical surface and horizontal surface were studied respectively. Meanwhile, PIV was used to study and discuss the real flow condition  in the agitator tank. The experimental data of velocity distribution on agitator tank liquid level, impeller inflow area, impeller discharge area and tank bottom area are contrasted with the simulation results. It is discovered that the axial speed increasing trend obtained from numerical simulation is quite agreement  with that of the experiment, while the point of highest speed has some difference: on tank bottom area the two results are consistent, and the highest speed of simulation on impeller discharge and impeller inflow region is lower 12.8%and 14.2% than that of experiment respectively, and on tank liquid  level the two results are quite different. So the forecast function of the numerical simulation for experimental study was validated. This provides some useful reference for type election and design of agitator.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 335-339 [Abstract] ( 2318 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 454KB] ( 1553 )
340 Calculation and analysis of auxiliary equipment dissipation energyin  3rd Datao pumping station
Lu Yongquan, Zhu Qingyuan, Qiu Baoyun, Yang Xingli, Feng Xiaoli, Dong Bo
In order to know auxiliary equipment dissipate energy of a large pumping station, the 3rd Datao pumping station of Tongyu River north extended water supply project in Jiangsu province was taken as an example, the auxiliary equipment  in the 3rd Datao pumping station was introduced, the dissipation energy of the auxiliary equipment was calculated systematically by analyzing its operational aspect. The dissipation energy characteristics of the auxiliary equipment were analyzed. The results show that the  dissipation  energy of auxiliary equipment is about 3.13% of the total dissipation energy of the pumping station， and the dissipation energy of illumination, trash removal and electric machine ventilation is  comparatively large and shares about 1/3 of total auxiliary equipment dissipation energy respectively. The results would provide references for the design and energysa ving of large pump station auxiliary equipment. 
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 340-343 [Abstract] ( 2014 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 288KB] ( 1407 )
344 Effects of diffusion guide vane on  performance of tubular pump system
Feng Xusong, Jin Yan, Liu Chao
Diffusion guide vane number is a factor affecting on the hydraulic performance of tubular pump system. CFD method was used to simulate the threedimensional flow of a bulb tubular pump system with different diffusion guide vanes.Five adopting schemes were the tubular pump system with 4 guide vanes, 5 guide vanes, 7 guide vanes, 8 guide vanes and improved 5 guide vanes. The hydraulic performance of pump system and the hydraulic loss of guide vane unit were obtained, and the effect of different vane number and vane shape on the external characteristics of tubular pump system were analyzed. The results showed that the hydraulic loss of guide vane was increased with the vane number, but the efficiency of pump system did not fully comply with this law. The highest pump efficiency was of the case with 5 vanes. The distributions of pressure and velocity were more uniform and the minimum  hydraulic  loss and the highest efficiency were in scheme with the improved 5 vanes. The best guide vane number matching the impeller was proposed.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 344-348 [Abstract] ( 1771 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 431KB] ( 1431 )
349 Vibration analysis on a pipe system of pumps based onfluidstructure interaction
Bao Jiahan， Pan Ziwei， Xu Peimin， Qi Xiaoli
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Guide:null
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 349-353 [Abstract] ( 2231 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 365KB] ( 1537 )
354 Research and application of  bubbledroot irrigation
Wu Pute, Zhu Delan, Wang Youke
A new kind of bubbledroot irrigation was invented, and by which irrigation water can be transported to the root region of plant directly. An experiment about relationship between pressure head and flow rate on irrigation device was carried out and the flow exponent was less than 0.5, which showed that flow state of irrigation device was turbulence. In order to find effects of the different irrigation technologies on the yield of jujube trees, 5 year old jujube trees of 38.67 hm2 area were irrigated by different methods, such as drip irrigation, pipe irrigation and the bubbledroot irrigation. Compared to noirrigated ones, the net income of the jujube trees irrigated by the drip irrigation, the pipe irrigation and the bubbled root irrigation increased by 4 707.70，8 446.00 and 10 926.00 yuan/hm2, respectively. The production values per volume water of drip irrigation, pipe irrigation and bubbled root irrigation were 1.90，11.30 and 14.60 yuan /m3, respectively. Compared to the drip irrigation, the annual fixed cost of the bubbled root irrigation decreased by 2 030 yuan/hm2, the annual income increased by 2 480 yuan /hm2, and the production values increased by 3.30 yuan/m3, respectively. Compared to the pipe irrigation, the annual fixed cost of the bubbledroot irrigation decreased by 743.30 yuan/hm2, the annual income increased by 6 218.30 yuan/hm2, and the production values increased by 12.70 yuan/m3, respectively. It is concluded that the net income of jujube trees can increase dramatically by using watersaving irrigation engineering, especially the bubbledroot irrigation, by which the increment of the net income of the jujube trees is 235.0% of that of noirrigation. The bubbledroot irrigation should be developed widely in hilly area.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 354-357 [Abstract] ( 2903 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 366KB] ( 1443 )
358 Comparative analysis between acceptance sampling by variable and byattributes for sprinkler and micro irrigation products
Zhao Hua, Xu Di
On condition that the risk of producer is as same as that of the consumer, with the example of sampling inspection for rotating sprinkler discharge consistency, the comparative analysis was carried out between acceptance sampling by variable and by attributes for the sprinkler and micro irrigation products. The results demonstrate that sample decrease ratio E, which is the sampling number decrease using inspection sampling by variable, is 25.0%~43.4% and 56.0%~67.6% in s and σ method on condition of lot size no less than 91 on general inspection level Ⅱ, and the larger lot size bring the greater E. If sprinkler and micro irrigation products meet the conditions of sampling by variable and by attributes at the same time, it is better to adopt variable sampling in the purpose of decreasing sampling number and reducing inspection cost.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 358-363 [Abstract] ( 1781 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 491KB] ( 1282 )
364 Microwave target detecting experiment for precisepesticide spraying
Chen Zhigang, Wang Yuguang, Du Yansheng, Li Qiang
In order to deepen the application of microwave technology in the field of precise target spraying,the performance of the microwave detector, the detecting effect and the influencing factors were studied and analyzed. By using frequency modulated carrier wave microwave sensors, detecting experiments in different environmental conditions were performed on simulated targets and real plants of different entities respectively. The experimental results show that light intensity, temperature and humidity have little influence on the detecting effect while the size of targets has great impact on the detecting effect. In the experiments, the varieties of the plant had small impact on the detection, while the shapes of the plant(e.g. density and size) and the distance between the plants were key factors to the detection. In the application of plant targeting, the microwave detection is more suitable to the huge object with luxuriant  leaves. The larger the reflection area of the object is, the better the detection performance is and the farther the detection distance is, the better the detection effect is. The distance between the plants is related to the resolution monotone of the detector.
2010 Vol. 28 (4): 364-368 [Abstract] ( 1881 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 420KB] ( 1191 )
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