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| Effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate on grain filling and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat |
| BAI Fangfang1, 2, LI Ping1, QIAO Dongmei1, QI Xuebin1, 3, 4, GUO Wei1, MA Cancan1, 2, DU Zhenjie1 |
| 1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3. Water Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; 4. Agricultu-ral Water Soil Environmental Field Research Station of Xinxiang, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China |
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Abstract In order to investigate the effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate on grain filling characteristics and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat in North China, taking Bainong 4 199 as experimental material, groundwater depth(GW2: 2 m, GW3: 3 m, GW4: 4 m)and nitrogen application rate(N300: pure nitrogen: 300 kg/hm2, N240: pure nitrogen: 240 kg/hm2)were set to evaluate the effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate on winter wheat yield formation, grain filling characteristics and water and nitrogen use efficiency. The results show that the 1 000-kernel weight of winter wheat was significantly positively correlated with turning point t2, the average grain filling rate Gmean and the grain filling duration P. Path analysis showed that groundwater depth mainly affected wheat yield by influencing grain weight per plant, spike number and kernels per spike, the direct standardized path coefficient of groundwater depth on yield was 0.334(P<0.05), and nitrogen application rate indirectly affected wheat yield by influencing grain weight per plant and spike number. At the same groundwater depth, NPP and WUE of N240 application rate were significantly higher than those of N300 application rate. Therefore, the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm2 is recommended for winter wheat high yield and green and sustainable agricultural development.
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Received: 27 June 2022
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