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| Effects of water regulation on physiological characteristics and water use of apple-soybean alley cropping system |
| ZHOU Xuan1, WANG Ruoshui1,2,3,4,5*, LI Chaonan1, ZHENG Chenghao1, LIU Wenzhi1, BI Huaxing1,2,3,4,5,6 |
| 1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Forest Ecosystem Studies, National Observation and Research Station, Jixian, Shanxi 042200, China; 3. Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation(Beijing Forestry University), Beijing 100083, China; 4. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation(Beijing Forestry University), Beijing 100083, China; 5. Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education(Beijing Forestry University), Beijing 100083, China; 6. Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, China |
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Abstract In order to investigate the effects of water regulation on the leaf physiological characteristics, water use and grain yield in an apple(Malus pumila)-soybean(Glycine max)alley cropping system, a two-year field experiment combined mulching with regulated deficit irrigation was carried out in the Loess Plateau of Shanxi Province. Three levels of irrigation thresholds were set: 55%(W1), 70%(W2), and 85%(W3)of field capacity, two kinds of mulching materials included straw mulching(M1)and plastic film mulching(M2), and three control treatments were clear tillage(CK0), straw mulching without irrigation(CK1)and plastic mulching without irrigation(CK2), respectively. The results indicated that the water regulation increased the chlorophyll relative content(SPAD), net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and leaf water use efficiency(LWUE)of apple and soybean during the growth period, and the maximum value of Pn and LWUE was observed in M2W2 treatment. Apple shading inhibited the Pn and LWUE of soybean, which showed that a reducing trend with the decrease of tree row. Irrigation, mulching and interaction had very significant effects on soybean yield and water use efficiency(WUE). Compared with other treatments, M2W2 treatment could increase the yield by 9.48%~103.90%, and WUE could increase by 11.07%-118.08%. The multi-index comprehensive evaluation and analysis showed that the optimum water-saving regulation method was as follows: co-vering plastic film in young apple-soybean intercropping system, combined with irrigation with the upper limit of soil moisture of 70% field capacity at the branching stage and the grain filling stage.
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Received: 10 July 2019
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