Rainwater harvesting potential and its spatial-temporal variation in Loess Plateau of China
Zhang Baoqing1,2,3, Wu Pute1,2,3, Zhao Xining1,2,3, Wang Yubao1,2,3
1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; 2. Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; 3. National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Abstract：In order to alleviate the co-existing situation of severe water shortage and soil erosion, the rainwater harvesting potential(RWHP)during 1971—2010 in the entire Loess Plateau of China was estimated by using the variable infiltration capacity(VIC)model, the total harvesting potential, individual potential and their spatial-temporal variation characteristics were compared among various river basins in the plateau. The results showed that the total RWHP was relatively considerable high in the Loess Plateau and the soil moisture available was one major component of the RWHP. Particularly, there was an even higher total RWHP in Hekouzhen-Longmen, Jing-Luo-Wei, Fen-Yi-Luo-Qin River Basins. Because the RWHP of surface runoff has a higher percentage in the total RWHP and most of sediments in the Yellow River originate from those basins, the development and application of techniques such as rainfall runoff gathering, storage and supplementary irrigation with rainwater should be paid more attention in those basins for surface runoff water to be regulated and utilized reasonably and eventually to relieve soil erosion and hazard of water shortage. Although the annually averaged RWHP in the entire Plateau exhibited slightly decreasing trends during the past four decades, the trends were not significant at the 95% confidence level(Mann-Kendall test). The annual RWHP was decreased from the southeast to northwest in the Plateau, the regions with high RWHP mainly concentrated in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
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