Effects of groundwater depth on maize growth and water use efficiency
Liu Zhandong1, Liu Zugui1, Yu Jianhe2, Nan Jiqin1, Qin Anzhen1, Xiao Junfu1
1.Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Its Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, He′nan 453002, China; 2.Erfeng Electric Power Irrigation Station in Tianchang, Anhui Province, Tianchang, Anhui 122400, China
Abstract：Groundwater depth has a significant impact on crop growth, development and water use efficiency. A typical summer maize crop is taken as trial object, six(0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 m)groundwater depths are set up to investigate its effects on morphological indices, grain yield, water consumption, and groundwater recharge during different growth stages of the summer maize, the diffe-rences in water use efficiency are analyzed too.It is turned out that the groundwater depth shows a little effect on plant height, however, either a too shallow or too deep groundwater level can significantly inhibit the increase in leaf-area index(LAI)and growth of stem diameter(P<0.05). The maximum LAI and the biggest stem diameter are reached at 0.4 m groundwater depth. As the crops grow, number of roots and root dry weight decrease initially, and then increase with increasing groundwater depth, a minimum is achievable at a certain depth. Bleeding sap of root system per plant rises with increasing groundwater depth before the grain-fill stage, but the bleeding sap is less affected by ground-water depth when the grain fill stage gets started. Furthermore, the groundwater depth also influences ear size, barren tip length, grain number per ear, 100-grain weight, and grain yield substantially. It is observed that 0.53 m groundwater depth is optimal for achieving the maximum maize yield. At crop growth stages, soil water content in 0-80 cm soil layers is decreased with increasing groundwater depth, but the water content at the same groundwater depth exhibits a slight change during various growth stages. The total water consumption, water consumption at each growth stage, and water consumption intensity are reduced linearly with increasing groundwater depth; their regression equations with groundwater depth have reached extreme significance level(P<0.01). Likewise, the total groundwater recharge, groundwater recharge at each growth stage, and groundwater recharge intensity are also linearly decreased with increasing groundwater depth, the regression equations are at extreme significance level(P<0.01)as well. Water use efficiency increases with increasing groundwater depth, and reaches the maximum at 1.2 m depth. The results have practical significance for utilization and assessment of groundwater resources, and formulation of optimal irrigation scheduling to achieve high maize yield in farm lands on the hills around River Yangtze and Huai.
刘战东, 刘祖贵, 俞建河, 南纪琴, 秦安振, 肖俊夫. 地下水埋深对玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2014, 32(7): 617-624.
Liu Zhandong, Liu Zugui, Yu Jianhe, Nan Jiqin, Qin Anzhen, Xiao Junfu. Effects of groundwater depth on maize growth and water use efficiency. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin, 2014, 32(7): 617-624.
[1]郭枫, 郭相平, 袁静, 等. 地下水埋深对作物的影响研究现状[J].中国农村水利水电, 2008(1): 63-66. Guo Feng, Guo Xiangping, Yuan Jing, et al. Advances in effects research of groundwater level on crop[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2008(1): 63-66.(in Chinese)[2]Chen Xi, Hu Qi. Groundwater influences on soil moisture and surface evaporation[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2004, 297(1/2/3/4): 285-300.[3]杨建锋, 刘士平, 张道宽, 等. 地下水浅埋条件下土壤水动态变化规律研究[J]. 灌溉排水, 2001, 20(3): 25-28. Yang Jianfeng, Liu Shiping, Zhang Daokuan, et al. Study on the water movement in soil with shallow water table[J]. Irrigation and Drainage, 2001, 20(3): 25-28.(in Chinese)[4]巴比江, 郑大玮, 卡热玛·哈木提, 等. 地下水埋深对春玉米田土壤水分及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(3): 57-60, 65. Ba Bijiang, Zheng Dawei, Kerime Hamut, et al. Influence of water table on spring maize soil water and crop yield[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 18(3): 57-60, 65.(in Chinese)[5]Mejia M N, Madramootoo C A, Broughton R S. Influence of water table management on corn and soybean yields[J].Agricultural Water Management, 2000, 46(1): 73-89.[6]Kahlown M A, Ashra M, Haq Z U. Effect of shallow groundwater table depth on crop water requirements and crop yields[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2005, 76(1): 24-35.[7]韩双平, 荆恩春, 王新忠, 等. 种植条件下土壤水与地下水相互转化研究[J].水文, 2005, 25(2): 9-14. Han Shuangping, Jing Enchun, Wang Xinzhong, et al. Transformation between soil water and groundwater under the condition of planting[J].Hydrology, 2005, 25(2): 9-14.(in Chinese)[8]冯绍元, 郑燕燕, 霍再林, 等. 冬小麦生长条件下土壤水与地下水转化试验研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2010, 29(3): 1-5. Feng Shaoyuan, Zheng Yanyan, Huo Zailin, et al. Transformation between soil water and groundwater under the condition of winter wheat planting[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2010, 29(3): 1-5.(in Chinese)[9]俞建河. 非充分灌溉条件下水稻根系伤流量变化规律研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(24): 10389-10390. Yu Jianhe. Study on change rule of the bleeding amount of rice roots under deficit irrigation condition[J]. Journal of Anhui Agri Sci, 2008, 36(24): 10389-10390.(in Chinese)[10]李国强, 周吉, 曹治彦, 等. 玉米根系伤流量与产量关系研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2011, 26(6):114-117. Li Guoqiang, Zhou Ji, Cao Zhiyan, et al. Study on the relation between root bleeding sap and yield[J]. Acta Agriculture Boreali-Sinica,2011, 26(6):114-117.(in Chinese)[11]肖俊夫, 南纪琴, 刘战东, 等. 不同地下水埋深夏玉米产量及产量构成关系研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 28(6): 36-39. Xiao Junfu, Nan Jiqin, Liu Zhandong, et al. Study on yield and yield components of summer maize under different groundwater levels[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Area, 2011, 28(6): 36-39.(in Chinese)[12]刘战东, 牛豪震, 贾云茂, 等. 不同地下水埋深下冬小麦和春玉米非充分灌溉制度研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2010(6): 36-38, 41. Liu Zhandong, Niu Haozhen, Jia Yunmao,et al. Study on insufficient irrigation schedule of winter wheat and spring maize under different groundwater depth[J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2010(6): 36-38, 41.(in Chinese)[13]Liu Y, Pereira L S, Fernando R M. Fluxes through the bottom boundary of the root zone in silty soils: Parame-tric approaches to estimate groundwater contribution and percolation[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2006, 84(1/2): 27-40.[14]Steinwand A L, Harrington R F, Or D. Water balance for Great Basin phreatophytes derived from eddy cova-riance, soil water, and water table measurements[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006, 329(3/4): 595-605.[15]亢连强,齐学斌,马耀光,等. 地下水埋深对再生水灌溉的夏玉米生长影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2007,26(5):43-46. Kang Lianqiang, Qi Xuebin, Ma Yaoguang, et al. Impact of reclaimed water irrigation on summer maize development under different underground water level[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2007, 26(5):43-46.(in Chinese)
